Table 4 Bacterial translocation parameters and immune characteristics of patients with chronic infection, untreated at baseline, analyzed after 12 months of antiretroviral therapy, and of chronically treated HIV patients with undetectable HIV load at baseline.

Presence of bacterial DNA in peripheral blood (n, %)

9 (100)

9 (100)

25 (100)

LBP (ng/ml)

4·9 (3·8–6·6)

5·8 (5·5–8·3)

6·0 (4·9–7·1)

IL-6 (pg/ml)

4·5 (4·1–6·2)

5·7 (5·2–5·8)

5·4 (4·8–8·4)

sCD14 (ng/ml)

2142 (1942–2956)

3582 (2607–3694)

2902 (2446–3344)

T CD4+ DR+ cells (% of CD4+ lymphocytes)

10 (6–12)

13 (9–22)

13 (9–17)

T CD8+ DR+ cells (% of CD4+ lymphocytes)

11 (7–13)

16 (8–32)

12 (9–17)

mDC/mm³

168 (112–340)

95 (65–125)*

92 (76–143)^‡

mDC (percentage of leukocytes)

3·2 (2·4–4·2)

3·6 (2·3–4·4)

1·7 (1·5–1·8)^{‡‡‡, §§§}

mDC expressing IL-12 (percentage of mDC)

99 (95–100)

85 (26–99)

1·1 (0·6 – 1·8)^{‡‡‡, §§}

pDC/mm³

223 (168–387)

102 (70–109)**

132 (107–154)^‡

pDC (percentage of leukocytes)

4·8 (3·4–5·6)

3·9 (2·0–6·0)

2·2 (2·1–2·4)^{‡‡, §}

pDC expressing IFN-α (percentage of mDC)

64 (33–95)

83 (50–95)

2 (1–2)^{‡‡, §§}

Th1/mm³

162 (130–878)

300 (75–323)

252 (125–432)

Th1 (percentage of CD4+ T cells)

24 (20–69)

52 (30–65)

47 (32–63)

Th2/mm³

250 (131–699)

340 (88–368)

361 (139–473)

Th2 (percentage of CD4+ T cells)

33 (20–55)

53 (32–72)

54 (34–77)

Treg/mm³

79 (56–107)

68 (12–81)

57 (49–94)

Treg (percentage of CD4+ T cells)

9 (8–19)

8 (4–13)

10 (4–22)

Treg expressing TGF-β1 (percentage of Treg)

12 (9–23)

8 (5–51)

77 (44–92)^{‡‡, §§}

Treg expressing IL-10 (percentage of Treg)

15 (10–25)

10 (5–52)

53 (47–61)^{‡, §}

MSDC/mm³

2 (1–11)

5 (1–13)

3 (1–6)

MSDC (percentage of leukocytes)

11·7 (8·0–39·6)

5·2 (0·7–14·6)

0·3 (0·1–1·0)^{‡‡, §}

MSDC expressing IL-10 (percentage of MSDC)

56 (7–74)

10 (6–54)*

6 (4–8)^{‡‡, §}