Figure 3
NK46 attenuated cognitive decline in 5XFAD-Tg mice. Effects on exploration time in novel object recognition task (A), spontaneous alteration in Y-maze task (B), latency time in passive avoidance task (C), and latency time in the Morris water maze tasks (D). (E) Effects on Iba1+ (activated microglia) population in the hippocampus, assessed by a confocal microscope. (F) Effect on the Aβ expression in the brain. (G) Effect on LPS+/CD11b+ in the pyramidal (a) and stratum oriens regions (b) of hippocampus. (H) Effect on caspase-3+/Neu+ (apoptotic neuron cell) populations. Bar indicates 0.1 mm. (I) Effect on BDNF, BACE1, Psen1, caspase-3, and claudin-5 expression, NF-κB and CREB activation, assessed by immunoblotting. Effect on TNF-α (J) and LPS levels (K) in the blood, assessed by ELISA. Test agent (Tg, vehicle alone; NK46, 1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day) was orally administered for 2 months in Tg mice. Control mice (Con) were treated with vehicle alone. All data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). #p < 0.05 vs. Con group. *p < 0.05 vs. Tg group.
