Figure 1

Effects of scent treatment and exposure time on behaviour of 35 lactating, non-pregnant bank vole (Myodes glareolus) females, following the spread of the scent of their litter’s sire (Sire; circles), of an unfamiliar male (Stranger; triangles), and of scentless cage bedding (Control; diamonds); and behaviour during the hour prior to spread (exposure time = 0, Pre-scent): (A) probability to leave the nest, (B) number of times leaving the nest, and (C) proportion of time spent active (for a subset of 22 females). Model predictions (lines: Sire continuous, Stranger dashed, Control dotted) and 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas; excluding Control) for time after exposure are shown.