Figure 1

Effects of stress on endocrine measures. (A) Repeated stress caused an increase in adrenal gland weight. (B) Estradiol levels were measured from trunk blood samples and were greater in proestrus compared to diestrus. Repeated stress caused an increase of estradiol, but there was still higher estradiol in proestrus compared to diestrus. (C) To quantitatively compare the change that occurs between diestrus and proestrus (cyclicity), proestrus values were subtracted from the diestrus value. When presented graphically, as in this schematic example, values above 0 signify that the value was greater during proestrus, while values below 0 signify that the value was greater during diestrus. (D) Estradiol levels were greater during proestrus (value > 0), and the degree of cyclicity was not different between control and stress. (E) A representation of nucleus borders (left; modified from⁹⁷), and borders overlaid on a Nissl stained section of tissue (right). All values mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05 Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test after 2-way ANOVA.