Table 1 Clinical characteristics and comparison of study patients with IASBD and IADBD ≥10 mmHg.
Total (n = 1226) | IASBD <10 mmHg (n = 1109) | IASBD ≥10 mmHg (n = 117) | p value | IADBD <10 mmHg (n = 1166) | IADBD ≥10 mmHg (n = 60) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||||
Sex (male) | 753 (61.4) | 683 (61.6) | 70 (59.8) | 0.710 | 720 (61.7) | 33 (55.0) | 0.295 |
Age, years | 65.0 ± 11.8 | 65.0 ± 11.6 | 65.2 ± 13.6 | 0.841 | 65.0 ± 11.7 | 65.4 ± 13.3 | 0.780 |
Risk factors | |||||||
Hypertension | 901 (73.5) | 807 (72.8) | 94 (80.3) | 0.078 | 854 (73.2) | 47 (78.3) | 0.384 |
Diabetes mellitus | 415 (33.8) | 372 (33.5) | 43 (36.8) | 0.485 | 398 (34.1) | 17 (28.3) | 0.354 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 185 (15.1) | 163 (14.7) | 22 (18.8) | 0.238 | 177 (15.2) | 8 (13.3) | 0.697 |
Smoking | 321 (26.2) | 288 (26.0) | 33 (28.2) | 0.601 | 305 (26.2) | 16 (26.7) | 0.930 |
Coronary artery disease | 250 (20.4) | 212 (19.1) | 38 (32.5) | 0.001 | 232 (19.9) | 18 (30.0) | 0.058 |
Metabolic syndrome | 502 (40.9) | 440 (39.7) | 62 (53.0) | 0.005 | 480 (41.2) | 22 (36.7) | 0.489 |
Alcohol intake | 140 (11.4) | 118 (10.6) | 22 (18.8) | 0.008 | 128 (11.0) | 12 (20.0) | 0.032 |
Left ventricular hypertrophy | 175 (14.3) | 136 (12.3) | 39 (33.3) | 0.001 | 155 (13.3) | 20 (33.3) | 0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 24.0 ± 2.9 | 25.6 ± 3.8 | 0.001 | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 0.004 |
Familial history of stroke | 325 (26.5) | 289 (26.1) | 36 (30.8) | 0.272 | 304 (26.1) | 21 (35.0) | 0.127 |
Antihypertensive treatment before ABI examination | 148 (12.1) | 138 (12.4) | 10 (8.5) | 0.219 | 142 (12.2) | 6 (10.0) | 0.613 |
Thrombolytic therapy | 120 (9.8) | 104 (9.4) | 16 (13.7) | 0.137 | 111 (9.5) | 9 (15.0) | 0.164 |
NIHSS | 4.0 ± 4.7 | 4.0 ± 4.5 | 4.1 ± 4.2 | 0.714 | 3.9 ± 4.5 | 5.1 ± 4.5 | 0.048 |
Stroke subtype | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
Large artery atherosclerosis | 359 (29.3) | 308 (27.8) | 51 (43.6) | 334 (28.6) | 25 (41.7) | ||
Lacune | 357 (29.1) | 346 (31.2) | 11 (9.4) | 352 (30.2) | 5 (8.3) | ||
Undetermined negative | 357 (29.1) | 321 (28.9) | 36 (30.8) | 339 (29.1) | 18 (30.0) | ||
Undetermined, two or more causes identified | 153 (12.5) | 134 (12.1) | 19 (16.2) | 141 (12.1) | 12 (20.0) | ||
Cerebral atherosclerosis | 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
Extracranial atherosclerosis only | 179 (14.6) | 162 (14.6) | 17 (14.5) | 170 (14.6) | 9 (15.0) | ||
Intracranial atherosclerosis only | 417 (34.0) | 375 (33.8) | 42 (35.9) | 391 (33.5) | 26 (43.3) | ||
Both extra- and intracranial atherosclerosis | 136 (11.1) | 104 (9.4) | 32 (27.4) | 118 (10.1) | 18 (30.0) | ||
Previous medication before admission | |||||||
Anti-thrombotics | 281 (22.9) | 261 (23.5) | 20 (17.1) | 0.115 | 271 (23.2) | 10 (16.7) | 0.237 |
Lipid lowering agents | 221 (18.0) | 202 (18.2) | 19 (16.2) | 0.597 | 212 (18.2) | 9 (15.0) | 0.532 |
Discharge medication | |||||||
Anti-thrombotics | 1201 (98.0) | 1086 (97.9) | 115 (98.3) | 0.791 | 1144 (98.1) | 57 (95.0) | 0.119 |
Lipid lowing agents | 1153 (94.0) | 1039 (93.7) | 114 (97.4) | 0.103 | 1094 (93.8) | 59 (98.3) | 0.150 |
Ankle-brachial index parameters | |||||||
Pulse rate, per/min | 69.3 ± 12.2 | 69.1 ± 12.0 | 72.0 ± 3.8 | 0.029 | 69.2 ± 12.0 | 72.5 ± 14.8 | 0.075 |
Mean arm SBP, mmHg | 149.6 ± 22.5 | 146.6 ± 20.7 | 159.3 ± 23.3 | 0.001 | 147.1 ± 20.6 | 160.8 ± 29.7 | 0.001 |
Mean arm DBP, mmHg | 85.7 ± 12.6 | 83.4 ± 12.0 | 90.2 ± 15.3 | 0.001 | 83.8 ± 12.0 | 90.3 ± 18.8 | 0.010 |
Mean baPWV, m/s | 19.9 ± 4.9 | 19.5 ± 4.8 | 20.7 ± 5.9 | 0.044 | 19.6 ± 4.9 | 20.3 ± 4.7 | 0.240 |
Mean ABI value | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.654 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.562 |
High-grade white matter hyperintensities | 287 (23.4) | 242 (21.8) | 45 (38.5) | 0.001 | 267 (22.9) | 20 (33.3) | 0.063 |
Poor functional outcome (mRS >2) | 303 (24.7) | 253 (22.8) | 50 (42.7) | 0.001 | 271 (23.2) | 32 (53.3) | 0.001 |
