Table 1 Patient characteristics of study antibiotics users.
From: Development and Validation of a Risk Scoring System for Cephamycin-Associated Hemorrhagic Events
Derivation | Validation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cephamycins | Reference | Cephamycins | Reference | |
n = 18821 (%) | n = 27581 (%) | n = 8615 (%) | n = 14066 (%) | |
Demographics | ||||
Age (year)a | 61.5 (49.7–73.8)** | 64.7 (50.9–78.1) | 63.2 (52.1–74.9)** | 64.8 (52.3–78.2) |
≥65 y/o | 8040 (42.72)** | 13634 (49.43) | 3882 (45.06)** | 6965 (49.52) |
<65 y/o | 10781 (57.28)** | 13947 (50.57) | 4733 (54.94)** | 7101 (50.48) |
Gender, males | 9495 (50.45)** | 15987 (57.96) | 4491 (52.13)** | 7995 (56.84) |
Height (cm)a | 161.0 (155.0–167.0)** | 161.0 (155.8–168.0) | 161.0 (155.0–167.7)** | 161.6 (155.2–168.0) |
Weight (kg)a | 59.1 (51.8–67.6) | 59.1 (51.8–67.6) | 59.8 (52.2–68.6) | 59.9 (52.0–68.6) |
BMI (kg/m2)a | 22.8 (20.7–25.4)** | 22.8 (20.4–25.2) | 23.0 (20.7–25.6)* | 22.9 (20.4–25.7) |
Index stay | ||||
Length of stay (day)a | 11 (7–19)** | 13 (8–23) | 5 (3–8)** | 5 (3–8) |
Antibiotics treatment course (day)a | 5 (3–8) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–8)** | 4 (3–7) |
Underlying diseases and conditions | ||||
Chronic hepatic disease | 1488 (7.91)** | 1307 (4.74) | 874 (10.15)** | 895 (6.36) |
Chronic renal disease | 793 (4.21)** | 1661 (6.02) | 428 (4.97)** | 1071 (7.61) |
Coagulopathy | 7 (0.04) | 17 (0.06) | 2 (0.02) | 13 (0.09) |
Operation historyb | 2262 (12.02)** | 2825 (10.24) | 1009 (11.71)** | 1408 (10.01) |
INR prolongationc | 243 (1.29)* | 294 (1.07) | 199 (2.31) | 351 (2.5) |
Hemorrhagic eventsd | 2081 (11.06)** | 2326 (8.43) | 1265 (14.68)** | 1585 (11.27) |
Thrombocytopenia | 642 (3.41) | 1021 (3.70) | 498 (5.78) | 830 (5.9) |
Hypoalbuminemia | 336 (1.79)** | 399 (1.45) | 442 (5.13) | 673 (4.78) |
Hepatic dysfunction | 1032 (5.48)** | 604 (2.19) | 1212 (14.07)** | 798 (5.67) |
Renal dysfunction | 654 (3.47)** | 1430 (5.18) | 802 (9.31) ** | 1881 (13.37) |
Concurrent medications/treaments (within 7 days prior to index date) | ||||
Antiplatelets | 768 (4.08)** | 2991 (10.84) | 295 (3.42)** | 1300 (9.24) |
Anticoagulants | 427 (2.27)** | 1581 (5.73) | 258 (2.99)** | 772 (5.49) |
Vitamin K1 | 346 (1.84)** | 320 (1.16) | 99 (1.15) | 137 (0.97) |
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) | 1973 (10.48)** | 582 (2.11) | 675 (7.84)** | 232 (1.65) |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) | 4169 (22.15)** | 2522 (9.14) | 2764 (32.08)** | 1790 (12.73) |
Histamine-2 (H2) blockers | 1605 (8.53)** | 1564 (5.67) | 199 (2.31)** | 486 (3.46) |
Tranexamic acid | 1194 (6.34)** | 1588 (5.76) | 642 (7.45) * | 933 (6.63) |
Clotting factors | 13 (0.07) | 19 (0.07) | 4 (0.05) | 13 (0.09) |
Steroids | 1484 (7.88)** | 4357 (15.80) | 696 (8.08)** | 2357 (16.76) |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | 3274 (17.40)** | 6357 (23.05) | 1137 (13.2)** | 3052 (21.7) |
Packed red blood cells (PRBC) | 35 (0.19) | 55 (0.20) | 160 (1.86) | 235 (1.67) |
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) | 14 (0.07) | 15 (0.05) | 65 (0.75) | 78 (0.55) |
Chemotherapyd | 3070 (16.31) | 4529 (16.42) | 1645 (19.09) | 2629 (18.69) |
Concurrent antibiotics (≥3 days in treatment course) | ||||
Metronidazole | 685 (3.64)** | 1194 (4.33) | 135 (1.57)** | 617 (4.39) |
Aminoglycosides | 475 (2.52)** | 319 (1.16) | 315 (3.66)** | 66 (0.47) |
Glycopeptides | 122 (0.65)** | 312 (1.13) | 94 (1.09) | 135 (0.96) |
Macrolides | 81 (0.43)** | 172 (0.62) | 58 (0.67)** | 28 (0.2) |
Sulfonamides | 92 (0.49)** | 380 (1.38) | 33 (0.38)** | 177 (1.26) |
Indications of study antibiotics | ||||
Genitourinary | 3768 (20.02)** | 3948 (14.31) | 1149 (13.34)** | 2144 (15.24) |
Gastrointestinal and Intra-abdominal | 9922 (52.72)** | 4567 (16.56) | 2193 (25.46)** | 1105 (7.86) |
Respiratory tract | 1444 (7.67)** | 10355 (37.54) | 535 (6.21)** | 4350 (30.93) |
Central nervous system | 116 (0.62)** | 405 (1.47) | 12 (0.14)** | 77 (0.55) |
Circulatory | 663 (3.52)** | 1615 (5.86) | 88 (1.02)** | 220 (1.56) |
Skin and soft tissue | 411 (2.18)** | 3322 (12.04) | 173 (2.01)** | 1678 (11.93) |
Bone and joint | 240 (1.28)** | 617 (2.24) | 9 (0.1)** | 58 (0.41) |
Prophylaxis | 1882 (10.00) | 2990 (10.84) | 1701 (19.74)** | 815 (5.79) |
Empirical | 3851 (20.46)** | 6018 (21.82) | 3936 (45.69)** | 5679 (40.37) |
