Table 3 Multivariable association between individual income and periodontitis in the entire study group, non-regular walking, and regular walking groups.

From: Association between regular walking and periodontitis according to socioeconomic status: a cross-sectional study

OR (95% CI) 

Total

Regular walking

No

Yes

Model 1

Low

1.518 (1.262–1.826)

1.566 (1.24–1.978)

1.389 (1.031–1.87)

Middle low

1.423 (1.2–1.687)

1.390 (1.122–1.723)

1.380 (1.049–1.816)

Middle high

1.095 (0.925–1.296)

1.031 (0.839–1.267)

1.096 (0.839–1.43)

High

Reference

Reference

Reference

Model 2

Low

1.418 (1.169–1.72)

1.481 (1.165–1.883)

1.301 (0.958–1.767)

Middle low

1.341 (1.125–1.597)

1.332 (1.073–1.653)

1.314 (0.991–1.742)

Middle high

1.039 (0.87–1.242)

1.001 (0.813–1.233)

1.065 (0.811–1.399)

High

Reference

Reference

Reference

Model 3

Low

1.414 (1.147–1.742)

1.423 (1.098–1.844)

1.366 (0.995–1.874)

Middle low

1.333 (1.102–1.612)

1.282 (1.013–1.621)

1.376 (1.029–1.841)

Middle high

1.045 (0.863–1.266)

0.982 (0.783–1.231)

1.13 (0.85–1.501)

High

Reference

Reference

Reference

Model 4

Low

1.388 (1.125–1.711)

1.394 (1.074–1.810)

1.345 (0.977–1.850)

Middle low

1.314 (1.087–1.589)

1.267 (1.001–1.603)

1.362 (1.018–1.821)

Middle high

1.037 (0.855–1.258)

0.981 (0.782–1.232)

1.114 (0.836–1.484)

High

Reference

Reference

Reference

  1. Response variable: Periodontitis.
  2. Explanatory variable: Individual Income.
  3. Model 1 was adjusted for age and gender.
  4. Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, and level of education.
  5. Model 3 was adjusted for age, gender, level of education, smoking, and diabetes mellitus.
  6. Model 4 was adjusted for age, gender, level of education, smoking, diabetes mellitus, dental flossing, and interdental brushing.
  7. Bold denotes statistical significance at P < 0.05. OR means odds ratio. CI means confidence interval.
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