Table 2 Demographic characteristics of the gender- and age- matched cohort (n = 242).

From: pLG72 levels increase in early phase of Alzheimer’s disease but decrease in late phase

 

Healthy elderly (CDR = 0, n = 56)

MCI (CDR = 0.5, n = 45)

Mild AD (CDR = 1, n = 99)

Moderate AD (CDR = 2, n = 20)

Severe AD (CDR = 3, n = 22)

p Value

Gender, female, n (%)

23 (41.1)

28 (62.2)

61 (61.6)

12 (60.0)

12 (54.5)

0.126a

Age, year, mean (SD)

72.9 (9.9)

72.2 (6.6)

73.2 (7.1)

77.2 (4.8)

75.4 (7.2)

0.109c

Education, year, mean (SD)

9.6 (4.2)

5.4 (3.9)

5.6 (4.5)

4.9 (5.2)

5.2 (5.1)

<0.001c

MMSE, mean (SD)

27.6 (1.6)

23.1 (3.2)

19.3 (4.2)

11.9 (4.4)

7.6 (4.3)

<0.001b

No. of subjects using anti-dementia drugs

Total number (%)

NA

6 (13.3)

34 (34.3)

2 (10.0)

6 (27.3)

0.018a*

Donepezil (dose, mean ± SD)

NA

6 (6.7 ± 2.6)

19 (8.9 ± 2.1)

0

4 (10.0 ± 0.0)

0.175a*

Rivastigmine (dose, mean ± SD)

NA

0

6 (6.8 ± 2.5)

0

2 (5.5 ± 0.7)

0.180a*

Galantamine (dose, mean ± SD)

NA

0

9 (15.1 ± 2.7)

1 (16.0)

0

0.090a*

Memantine (dose, mean ± SD)

NA

0

0

1 (20.0)

0

0.039a*

pLG72 level (ng/mL), mean (SD)

1.4 (0.6)

2.3 (1.0)

2.9 (1.5)

2.4 (1.3)

2.1 (1.3)

<0.001c

pLG72 with anti-dementia drugs

NA

2.2 (1.3)

2.7 (1.6)

1.9 (1.2)

2.7 (1.8)

0.875c*

pLG72 without anti-dementia drugs

1.4 (0.6)

2.3 (1.0)

3.0 (1.4)

2.5 (1.3)

1.9 (1.1)

<0.001b

Glycine level (ng/mL), mean (SD)

3687.6 (1009.2)

4125.3 (1316.5)

4973.3 (2171.8)

4748.6 (1307.8)

4254.4 (879.8)

0.137b

L-serine level (ng/mL), mean (SD)

2812.9 (928.3)

3471.5 (1598.9)

3563.4 (1102.5)

3427.4 (1201.6)

3440.5 (1410.4)

0.407b

D-serine level (ng/mL), mean (SD)

31.2 (9.5)

38.3 (15.6)

50.0 (27.7)

59.9 (30.9)

59.5 (25.6)

0.015b

L-alanine level (ng/mL), mean (SD)

11324.6 (3337.0)

11704.3 (2809.7)

12524.7 (3180.9)

11575.1 (3176.4)

13064.4 (3591.8)

0.558b

D-alanine level (ng/mL), mean (SD)

26.6 (38.4)

26.3 (23.2)

28.9 (31.2)

52.1 (42.0)

28.1 (22.2)

0.234b

D/T-serine ratio, mean (SD)

0.012 (0.005)

0.013 (0.007)

0.014 (0.008)

0.018 (0.010)

0.018 (0.009)

0.182b

D/T-alanine ratio, mean (SD)

0.002 (0.003)

0.002 (0.002)

0.003 (0.003)

0.004 (0.003)

0.002 (0.002)

0.307b

  1. NA, not associated; aChi-square test; bANOVA test; cMann-Whitney U test; *Comparison among MCI, mild, moderate and severe AD groups.
  2. Abbreviations: CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; MMSE, Mini Mental Status Examination; pLG72, D-amino acid oxidase activator; T-serine, total serine; T-alanine, total alanine; D/T-serine ratio, D-serine/total serine ratio; D/T-alanine ratio, D-alanine/total alanine ratio.
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