Table 1 Overview of seed priming studies.

From: Defence priming in Arabidopsis – a Meta-Analysis

Host Plant (HP)

Priming Stimulus*

Stress Agent (ASA)**

Trait

Priming***

Reference

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. PKM-1

Bacillus subtilis (TN_Vel-35) (b)

Alternaria solani (f)

HP: Gene expr. & enz. activity (POX, PPO)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+│+) ASA (−)

Babu et al. (2015)

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. PKM-1

Azotobacter chroococcum (KR_Tri-17) (b)

Alternaria solani (f)

HP: Enz. activity (POX, PPO)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+│+) ASA (−)

Babu et al. (2015)

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. PKM-1

Bacillus cereus KA_Mys-39 (b)

Alternaria solani (f)

HP: Enz. activity (POX, PPO)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+│+) ASA (−)

Babu et al. (2015)

Pisum sativum L.

Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA 342 (b)

Acyrthosiphon pisum (a)

ASA: Population growth

ASA (−)

Hamada et al.27

Capsicum annuum L. cv. Bukwang

Bacillus gaemokensis (PB69) metabolites (b)

Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (b) Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (b)

HP: Gene expr. (LOX)│Growth, yield ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+│+) ASA (−)

Song et al.18

Cucumis sativus L. cv. Backdadagi

Bacillus gaemokensis (PB69) metabolites (b)

Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (b) Spodoptera litura (l)

HP: Gene expr. (LOX)│Growth, yield ASA: Disease symptoms, expansion rate, survival rate

HP (+│+) ASA (−)

Song et al.18

Gossypium hirsutum

Beauveria bassiana (f)

Aphis gossypii (a)

ASA: Population growth

ASA (−)

Castillo Lopez et al. (2014)

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Oogata-fukuju

Trichoderma harzianum (TriH_JSB27) (f)

Ralstonia solanacearum (b)

HP: Gene expr. & enz. activity (PAL)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+│+) ASA (−)

Jogaiah et al.15

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Oogata-fukuju

Trichoderma harzianum (TriH_JSB36) (f)

Ralstonia solanacearum (b)

HP: Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+) ASA (−)

Jogaiah et al.15

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Oogata-fukuju

Penicillium chrysogenum (PenC_JSB41) (f)

Ralstonia solanacearum (b)

HP: Gene expr. & enz. activity (PAL)│Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+│+) ASA (−)

Jogaiah et al.15

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Oogata-fukuju

Phoma multirostrata (PhoM_JSB17) (f)

Ralstonia solanacearum (b)

HP: Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+) ASA (−)

Jogaiah et al.15

Helianthus annuus L. cv. Morden

Trichoderma harzianum PGPFYCM-14 (f)

Plasmopara halstedii (o)

HP: Growth, yield, nutrient uptake, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+) ASA (-)

Nagaraju et al. (2012)

Picea abies

JA

Hylobius abietis (bc)

HP: Growth ASA: Attack, girdling

HP (0) ASA (−)

Berglund et al.26

Solanum lycopersicum cv Carousel

JAa

Tetranychus urticae (s) Myzus persicae (a) Manduca sexta (l) Botrytis cinerea (f)

HP: Gene expr. (PinII)│Growth, yield ASA: Disease symptoms, population growth, fecundity, survival

HP (+│0) ASA (−)

Worrall et al.20

Capsicum annuum L. cv. Bukwang

BTHb

Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (b)Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (b)

HP: Gene exp. (PR1) ASA: Damage symptoms

HP (+) ASA (−)

Song et al.18

Cucumis sativus L. cv. Backdadagi

BTHb

Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (b)

HP: Gene expr. (PR2)│Growth, yield ASA: Disease symptoms, expansion rate

HP (+│0) ASA (−)

Song et al.18

Solanum lycopersicum cv Carousel

BABAc

Oidium neolycopersici (f)

ASA: Colonization

ASA (−)

Worrall et al.20

Picea abies

NIA (v:B3)

Hylobius abietis (bc)

HP: Growth ASA: Girdling

HP (0) ASA (−)

Berglund et al.26

Picea abies

NIC (v:B3)

Hylobius abietis (bc)

HP: Growth ASA: Attack, girdling

HP (0) ASA (−)

Berglund et al.26

Hordeum vulgare L.

Thiamine (v:B1)

Rhopalosiphum padi (a) Sitobion avenae (a)

ASA: Population growth, fecundity, settlement

ASA (−)

Hamada & Johnsson66

Pisum sativum L.

Thiamine (v:B1)

Acyrthosiphon pisum (a)

ASA: Population growth

ASA (−)

Hamada & Johnsson66

Avena sativa L.

Thiamine (v:B1)

Rhopalosiphum padi (a)

ASA: Population growth, fecundity, settlement

ASA (−)

Hamada et al.27

Hordeum vulgare L.

Thiamine (v:B1)

Myzus persicae (a) Rhopalosiphum padi (a)

ASA: Population growth, fecundity, settlement, lifespan

ASA (−)

Hamada et al.27

Pisum sativum L.

Thiamine (v:B1)

Myzus persicae (a) Acyrthosiphon pisum (a)

ASA: Population growth, settlement

ASA (−)

Hamada et al.27

Triticum aestivum L.

Thiamine (v:B1)

Myzus persicae (a) Rhopalosiphum padi (a)

ASA: Population growth, fecundity, settlement, lifespan

ASA (−)

Hamada et al.27

Pennisetum glaucum (L.)

Thiamine (v:B1)

Sclerospora graminicola (o)

HP: Enz. activity (LOX)│Growth ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+│+) ASA (−)

Pushpalatha et al.62

Pennisetum glaucum (L.)

Riboflavin (v:B2)

Sclerospora graminicola (o)

HP: Growth, yield, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+) ASA (−)

Pushpalatha et al.62

Pennisetum glaucum (L.)

Niacin (v:B3)

Sclerospora graminicola (o)

HP: Growth, yield, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+) ASA (−)(−)

Pushpalatha et al.62

Pennisetum glaucum (L.)

MSB (v:K3)

Sclerospora graminicola (o)

HP: Growth, yield, germination, vigour ASA: Disease symptoms

HP (+) ASA (−)

Pushpalatha et al.62

  1. Priming Agents: JA = Jasmonic acid, BABA = beta-aminobutyric acid, MSB = menadione sodium bisulphite, NIA = nicotinic acid, NIC = nicotinamide, BTH = benzothiadiazole, v: = vitamin:type. Antagonist Stress Agent: (s) = spider mite, (a) = aphid, (bc) = beetle, coleoptera, (l) = caterpillar, lepidopteran, (f) = fungus, (b) = bacteria, (o) = oomycota. Response Trait: trait used to assess priming effect: e.g. growth, damage symptoms or gene activity (PAL = Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, POX = peroxidase, PPO = polyphenol oxidase, LOX = lipoxygenase). Priming: Evidence of phenotypic differences between primed and un-primed plants, measuring directly on host plant (HP) or indirectly as antagonist stress agent response (ASA); (+) = enhanced, (−) reduced, (0) = no difference.
  2. aJA had a negative effect on Solanum lycopersicum primary root length.
  3. bBTH had a positive effect on Spodoptera litura weight in Cucumis sativus L. cv. Backdadagi, and a negative effect on Capsicum annuum L. cv. Bukwang shoot length.
  4. cBABA had a positive effect on mean area of lesions caused by Botrytis cinerea.
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