Table 2 Distribution of potential confounding factors across intervention and matched comparison areas.

From: Assessing effects from four years of industry-led badger culling in England on the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, 2013–2017

Area and zones

Dairy herds %

Badger density/km2

Number of badgers removed historically

Flood zone category 3 %

Motorway total length/km

Urban area %

Number of farms

>1 land parcel in area %

All land inside area %

All land inside central or buffer zones %

1972–1989

1990–1998

1999–2006

Gloucestershire

  Intervention central

17.7

5.1

52

366

62

16.2

0

0

215

83.3

66.0

71.6

  Comparison central (n = 9)

15.9

5.5

194.1

94.7

25.1

7.0

4.6

5.6

158.4

76.5

51.6

67.5

  Intervention buffer

22.3

4.9

21

43

49

16.6

25.9

11.5

92

62.8

22.3

37.2

  Comparison buffer (n = 9)

15.7

5.4

97.9

66.4

62.8

8.8

5.9

5.3

82.9

74.9

26.9

49.0

Somerset

  Intervention central

8.4

5.0

0

375

230

2.9

0

0

153

81.2

63.6

81.2

  Comparison central (n = 9)

18.9

5.4

171.3

105.8

3.6

7.0

3.9

3.1

160.9

77.9

54.8

68.0

  Intervention buffer

3.4

5.1

0

87

102

3.4

0

0

87

73.9

36.4

53.4

  Comparison buffer (n = 9)

21.2

5.5

35.1

53.4

18.2

8.1

1.4

4.4

83.7

75.0

25.9

47.7

Dorset

  Intervention central

50.3

9.7

5

0

0

9.0

0

0.9

156

79.0

61.8

72.0

  Comparison central (n = 8)

33.9

7.1

71.3

65.3

4.5

12.5

6.1

2.1

127.8

79.0

51.1

64.3

  Intervention buffer

36.3

9.8

0

8

0

6.4

0

5.4

112

68.1

23.0

41.6

  Comparison buffer (n = 8)

26.9

7.3

41.3

43.1

2.6

9.1

1.3

4.7

74.5

67.3

18.6

36.3

  1. Comparison area values are means for 9, 9 and 8 areas for Somerset, Gloucestershire and Dorset respectively. Comparison areas for Somerset and Gloucestershire are the same as those reported in Brunton et al.11 but reduced by one for each area due to overlap of the intervention area in Dorset licensed in 2015 and seven new intervention areas licensed in 2016. The original badger density variable reported in Brunton et al.11, has been replaced with new estimation of badger density that takes into account survey data made available after the previous analysis. Values for each area are reported in the Supplement. Dairy herds is the percentage of cattle herds that are dairy herds according to the APHA cattle surveillance database.