Figure 1

Reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis in PPT1-deficient retinas. Expression of GFAP, IBA1 and CD68 in wild-type and Ppt1 ko retinas. Note the presence of some faintly GFAP-positive Müller cells in mutant retinas at P45 (b). The number of positive Müller cells and expression levels of GFAP increased considerably with increasing age of the mutants (c,d). IBA-1-positive microglial cells were restricted to the inner retina of mutant mice at P45 (f), but became detectable in the outer retina and subretinal space at P112 (g) and P240 (h). A few CD68-positive cells were present in the outer retina of 112-day-old mutants (k), and their number was considerably increased in P240 Ppt1 ko retina, particularly in the subretinal space (l). Immunostainings of 240-day-old wild-type retinas are shown for comparison (a,e,i). gcl: ganglion cell layer; inl: inner nuclear layer; ipl: inner plexiform layer; onl: outer nuclear layer. Scale bar in (l) (for a–l): 100 µm.