Figure 4

PCA biplot based on mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies. Ancient populations presented in this study (marked with green): Levänluhta, Luistari, Hollola, Hiitola, Tuukkala and Early modern and modern Finns (EMM). Contemporary populations (marked with blue): north-east Finland (FinNE), south-west Finland (FinSW), Saami (SAA). Ancient populations (marked with red): Andronovo culture (AND), Baltic Bronze-Age (BAB), Siberian Bronze-Age (BASi), Scandinavian Bronze-Age (BASc), Bell Beaker culture (BBC), Siberian Early Metal Period (BOO), Catacomb culture (CAT), Comb ceramic culture Baltic (CCCB), Crete Minoans (CRE), Corded Ware culture (CWC), Baltic Corded Ware Culture (CWCB), Baltic hunter-gatherers (HGB), central European hunter-gatherers (HGC), eastern hunter-gatherers (HGE), Scandinavian hunter-gatherers (HGSc), south European hunter-gatherers (HGSo), Denmark Iron-Age (IAD), Germany Iron-Age (IAG), Kazakhstan Iron-Age (IAK), Poland Iron-Age (IAP), Germany Middle-Neolithic (MNG), southern Europe Middle-Neolithic (MNS), Scandinavian Neolithic (NSc), Scythians from Russia (SCR), Scythians from Moldova and Ukraine (SCU), Srubnaya culture (SRU), Tagar culture (TAG), Unetice culture (UNC), Scandinavian Viking-Age (VASc), Sweden Viking-Age (VASw),Yamnaya culture (YAM). The contribution of main mitochondrial haplogroups are represented by loading vectors in Supplementary Fig. S4.