Table 2 Overview of statistical analyses and datasets used in this study.

Basic diversity indices

Complete sequences

Ancient Finns

Supplementary Table S4

Φ_ST

HVR1 + HVR2

Ancient and contemporary Finns

Fig. 3 and Supplementary Table S6

Multinomial logistic regression

Presence/absence of haplogroup

Ancient Finns

Supplementary Table S7

Principal component analysis (PCA)

Haplogroup frequencies

Ancient Finns, other ancient and contemporary populations (Supplementary Table S8)

Figs 4 and S4

Evaluation of the possible sampling bias in the observed haplogroup frequencies

Haplogroup frequencies

Ancient and contemporary Finns

Supplementary Fig. S2

Network analysis

HVR1 + HVR2 sequence data

Ancient and contemporary Finns

Supplementary Fig. S3

Evaluation the impact of small sample size on PCA

Haplogroup frequencies

Contemporary Finns, ancient Finns and other ancient populations (reference populations presented in Supplementary Table S8)

Supplementary Fig. S5