Figure 1
From: Modelling bacterial twitching in fluid flows: a CFD-DEM approach

Bacterial twitching model: (a) Schematic of bacterial twitching; (b) CFD-DEM model. The rod-shaped bacteria are modelled as a group of spherical particles rigidly assembled together. The pili are emanated from the bacterial pole coloured in red. Each pilus is modelled as a dynamic spring which can elongate, attach, retract and detach from the surface.