Table 4 Individuals with Bacteriologically Confirmed TB, Missed by Deep Learning Systems at 95% Sensitivity.
Individual Missed | Senior Radiologist (Nepal) | Junior Radiologist & Residents (Nepal) | Field Radiologist (Cameroon) | Teleradiology Company (Cameroon) | DL reading | CAD4TB score | qXR score | Lunit score | Annotation by a senior pulmonologist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nepal 1 | Normal | Normal | NA | NA | Missed by all 3 DL systems | 9 | 0.1205 | 0.2330 | Normal |
Nepal 2 | Abnormal | Abnormal | NA | NA | Missed by qXR | 65 | 0.4225 | 0.9853 | Abnormal: may be an azygous lobe (normal variant) but also could be apical TB |
Nepal 3 | Abnormal | Abnormal | NA | NA | Missed by Lunit | 71 | 0.5223 | 0.3458 | Abnormal maybe old scar: minimal tenting of the right diaphragm |
Nepal 4 | Normal | Normal | NA | NA | Missed by Lunit and qXR | 63 | 0.1517 | 0.1318 | Non-TB abnormality: elevated right hemidiaphragm |
Nepal 5 | Normal | Normal | NA | NA | Missed by CAD4TB and Lunit | 46 | 0.4992 | 0.2728 | Normal |
Cameroon 1 | NA | NA | Normal | Abnormal | Missed by all 3 DL systems | 48 | 0.1259 | 0.0176 | Abnormal in the left mid lung field by the heart- could be TB but not classic |
Cameroon 2 | NA | NA | Normal | Normal | Missed by CAD4TB | 53 | 0.6695 | 0.8744 | Abnormal: ill defined infiltrate in the right upper lung field |
Cameroon 3 | NA | NA | Normal | Normal | Missed by CAD4TB and qXR | 18 | 0.2504 | 0.5518 | Normal lung field but cardiomegaly |
