Table 2 Effects of different rates of essential oil (E0: No essential oil; E1: essential oil (100 mg kg−1), E2: essential oil (1000 mg kg−1)) and different Rhizobium inocula (R0: No inoculation, R1: Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli F7, R2: Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli F83, R3: Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli Ciat899) on soil chemical and microbial properties.

From: Co-inoculation effect of Rhizobium and Achillea millefolium L. oil extracts on growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soil microbial-chemical properties

Treatments

Parameters

Inoculation

Essential Oil

Total N

(%)

NO3−

(µg N g−1)

NH4±

(µg N g−1)

Bacterial abundance

(CFU g−1)

Fungal abundance

(CFU g−1)

Basal respiration

(µg C g−1 h−1)

No inoculation

(R0)

E0

0.19 ± 0.01

55.1 ± 18.0

15.3 ± 0.6

3.34 · 107 ± 8.91 · 106 ab

5.50 · 106 ± 0.12 · 106 a

24.9 ± 0.4 a

E1

0.20 ± 0.01

43.3 ± 6.9

12.8 ± 3.3

3.78 · 107 ± 7.55 · 106 a

5.53 · 106 ± 3.73 · 106 a

17.0 ± 3.0 b

E2

0.21 ± 0.01

34.1 ± 6.3

17.0 ± 11.8

1.35 · 107 ± 1.38 · 106 b

3.16 · 106 ± 1.38 · 106 b

13.7 ± 2.8 b

R1

E0

0.20 ± 0.02

46.8 ± 20.5

16.6 ± 6.4

2.65 · 107 ± 2.38 · 106 a

6.06 · 106 ± 0.21 · 106 b

26.5 ± 2.8 a

E1

0.18 ± 0.06

67.6 ± 29.8

17.5 ± 4.2

0.74 · 107 ± 4.17 · 106 b

9.73 · 106 ± 4.17 · 106 a

17.2 ± 3.4 b

E2

0.18 ± 0.03

60.1 ± 26.1

12.7 ± 2.7

0.82 · 107 ± 0.71 · 106 b

4.16 · 106 ± 0.71 · 106 c

13.3 ± 5.4 b

R2

E0

0.20 ± 0.01

42.0 ± 17.5

21.0 ± 3.6

1.43 · 107 ± 9.37 · 106 a

3.73 · 106 ± 1.37 · 106 c

15.5 ± 4.8 a

E1

0.19 ± 0.02

55.6 ± 23.3

14.6 ± 1.5

0.69 · 107 ± 1.82 · 106 c

4.63 · 106 ± 1.82 · 106 b

17.3 ± 1.6 a

E2

0.20 ± 0.01

43.9 ± 9.4

11.5 ± 0.8

1.32 · 107 ± 0.53 · 106 b

16.1 · 106 ± 2.20 · 106 a

15.4 ± 1.5 a

R3

E0

0.19 ± 0.03

48.9 ± 4.0

15.7 ± 2.4

7.60 · 107 ± 1.83 · 106 a

7.60 · 106 ± 3.16 · 106 a

14.5 ± 2.8 b

E1

0.20 ± 0.02

52.1 ± 8.5

24.3 ± 11.6

2.65 · 107 ± 2.40 · 106 b

2.65 · 106 ± 1.08 · 106 c

13.5 ± 1.45 c

E2

0.22 ± 0.02

34.3 ± 7.1

15.7 ± 1.2

1.39 · 107 ± 2.19 · 106 c

5.90 · 106 ± 3.67 · 106 b

23.7 ± 7.2 a

  1. Different letters indicate significant differences followed by Tukey post- hoc test considering essential oil application for each inoculation treatment and interaction. Values are given as an average for n = 3 on a dry weight basis ± standard deviation.
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