Table 3 Effects of different rates of essential oil (E0: No essential oil; E1: essential oil (100 mg kg−1), E2: essential oil (1000 mg kg−1)) and different Rhizobium inocula (R0: No Inoculation, R1: Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli F7, R2: Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli F83, R3: Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli Ciat899) on nodules, plant height, total plant biomass and plant N content.

From: Co-inoculation effect of Rhizobium and Achillea millefolium L. oil extracts on growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soil microbial-chemical properties

Treatments

Plant parameters of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Inoculation

Essential Oil

Nodules

Plant height (cm)

Total plant biomass (g DW)

Plant N content (g kg−1)

No inoculation (R0)

E0

0 ± 0.0 a

35.3 ± 1.5

2.96 ± 0.6

1.70 ± 0.5

E1

0 ± 0.0 a

34.3 ± 1.5

2.87 ± 0.4

1.80 ± 1.1

E2

0 ± 0.0 a

27.0 ± 2.0

2.78 ± 0.7

1.98 ± 0.5

R1

E0

22.7 ± 6.6 a

36.3 ± 9.5 a

3.31 ± 0.8

2.24 ± 0.8

E1

36.7 ± 9.0 b

28.3 ± 1.5 b

3.22 ± 0.9

2.42 ± 0.5

E2

29.0 ± 1.7 ab

39.0 ± 9.2 a

3.39 ± 0.7

2.49 ± 1.4

R2

E0

48.3 ± 2.8 a

31.0 ± 10.5a

3.81 ± 0.8

1.66 ± 0.8

E1

40.7 ± 9.3 b

26.0 ± 3.6 b

3.63 ± 0.8

2.17 ± 0.9

E2

44.0 ± 3.6 ab

35.0 ± 7.5 a

3.49 ± 1.7

2.69 ± 1.4

R3

E0

46.3 ± 2.9 a

48.0 ± 1.0 a

3.94 ± 1.0

2.58 ± 1.0

E1

54.0 ± 3.0 b

42.0 ± 6.2 b

3.89 ± 0.9

2.45 ± 1.3

E2

51.0 ± 1.00 ab

47.0 ± 2.6 a

3.54 ± 0.9

3.05 ± 1.7

  1. Different letters indicate significant differences followed by Tukey post- hoc test considering essential oil application for each inoculation treatment. Values are given as an average for n = 3 on a dry weight basis ± standard deviation.