Figure 2
From: Ferroelectric switching in ferroelastic materials with rough surfaces
(a) Fully relaxed single domain configuration with rough surfaces (containing locally nanoscale steps). (b) The dipole configuration near surfaces in the area indicated by the black frame in (a). (c) The variation of polarization density along y direction (Py) as function of the external electric field along the [11] direction with rough surfaces. A small ferroelectric hysteresis was observed during field cycling. The insets show typical microstructures at different states as shown in (e1)-(e8). The black dashed arrows in (e1)-(e8) indicate the direction of the external electric field. The colors in the atomic images are coded by the atomic-level shear strain (ɛxy). (d) The dipole configuration at state e6 in (c). The nucleated domains are polarized near the domain boundary. Dipole displacements are amplified by a factor of 200 for clarity.
