Figure 1
From: Freshwater mussels house a diverse mussel-associated leech assemblage
Map of global distribution of leeches associated with freshwater mussels, prevalence of leech infestation of freshwater mussels in the Old World, and living examples of mussel-associated leech species from the mantle cavity of freshwater mussels. (A) Map of global distribution of mussel-associated leeches (species richness is given in open circles). North America: Placobdella montifera and P. parasitica [GBIF, https://www.gbif.org]; Africa, Nile Basin: Batracobdelloides tricarinatus [this study and Elkhodary et al.27]; South Asia (India and Nepal): Batracobdelloides reticulata [Chandra25 and Nesemann et al.79]; Southeast Asia (Myanmar): Hemiclepsis myanmariana sp. nov., Batracobdelloides conchophylus sp. nov., B. hlaingbweensis sp. nov., B. indochinensis sp. nov., and B. yaukthwa sp. nov. [this study]; East Asia (Russian Far East, Korea, Japan, and eastern China): Hemiclepsis kasmiana Oka, 1910 comb. rev., H. khankiana sp. nov., and Batracobdelloides koreanus sp. nov. [this study and Bolotov et al.21]. The map was created using ESRI ArcGIS 10 software (https://www.esri.com/arcgis); the topographic base of the map was created with Natural Earth Free Vector and Raster Map Data (https://www.naturalearthdata.com) and HydroSHEDS (https://www.hydrosheds.org) (Map: Mikhail Yu. Gofarov). (B) Prevalence of leech infestation recovered in samples of freshwater mussels (Unionida: Unionidae, Margaritiferidae, and Iridinidae) from East Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Africa (N = 3,045 mussels, primary data: Supplementary Dataset 1). (C) Live Hemiclepsis kasmiana comb. rev. [RMBH Hir_0015_1] in the mantle cavity of Sinanodonta lauta, Gladkaya River, Russian Far East, 25.x.2016 [scale bar = 10 mm]. (D) Live H. myanmariana sp. nov. [RMBH Hir_0048_1] in the mantle cavity of Lamellidens savadiensis, Nadi Lake, Salween Basin, Myanmar, 23.ii.2018 [scale bar = 10 mm]. (E) Live H. myanmariana sp. nov. with the crop filled by fish blood meal from the same sample (scale bar = 1 mm). (F) Live B. hlaingbweensis sp. nov. [RMBH Hir_0207] in the mantle cavity of Pseudodon salwenianus, small stream, Hlaingbwe Basin, Myanmar, 17.xi.2018 [scale bar = 1 mm]. (G) Live B. indochinensis sp. nov. [RMBH Hir_0053_1] in the mantle cavity of Lamellidens generosus, Bago - Sittaung Channel, Myanmar, 16.ii.2018 [scale bar = 1 mm]. (H) Live B. conchophylus sp. nov. [RMBH Hir_0065_1] with the crop filled by fish blood meal in the mantle cavity of Lamellidens generosus, ox-bow lake near Taung Gyi village, Lower Sittaung Basin, Myanmar, 20.ii.2018 [scale bar = 1 mm]. (I) Live B. tricarinatus [RMBH Hir_0138] carrying its larvae in the mantle cavity of Coelatura aegyptiaca, Lake George, Albert Nile Basin, Uganda, 05.viii.2018 [scale bar = 1 mm]. (Photos: Ilya V. Vikhrev).
