Table 3 Summary of the changes of urine metabolites induced by propoxur.

From: Time-Course Changes in Urine Metabolic Profiles of Rats Following 90-Day Exposure to Propoxur

Main metabolites

Chemical shifts (ppm)

Days after initial dosing

30

60

90

Taurine

3.26 (t)

=

↑

↑↑**

Creatinine

3.06 (s), 4.06 (s)

=

↑*

↑↑*

Citrate

2.54 (d), 2.66 (d)

↓

↓

↓↓*

2-OG

2.46 (t), 3.02 (t)

↓*

↓*

↓↓**

Succinate

2.42 (s)

↓

↓*

↓↓**

PAG

3.76 (m)

=

↓

↓↓*

DMG

2.94 (s)

=

↑

↑↑**

TMAO

3.27 (s)

=

↑

↑↑*

DMA

2.73 (s)

=

=

↑

Acetate

1.92 (s)

↓

↓*

↓↓**

  1. Note: The rats were treated daily with propoxur (4.25 mg/kg body weight/day) for 90 consecutive days. Metabolite changes relative to controls are indicated by ↑, ↑↑, ↓, ↓↓, or = , which represents an increase, a further increase, a reduction, a further reduction, or no change, in metabolites, respectively. Keys: d, doublet; m: complex multiplet; s, singlet; t, triplet. Abbreviations: 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide; DMA, dimethylamine; DMG, dimethylglycine; PAG, phenylacetylglutamine. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, compared with the controls (n = 5).
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