Figure 5

Representative histopathological features of liver sections of fish fed diets supplemented with HI larvae after 6 weeks of feeding trial (H & E stain, 40 × magnification). (A) liver from fish fed 0% PBM and HI larvae supplementation (Control), showing normal hepatocyte structure and exocrine pancreas with zymogen (arrow); (B) liver from fish fed 45% PBM and 10% HI larvae supplementation (45PBM + HI), exhibiting normal hepatocyte structure and exocrine pancreas with zymogen (arrow); (C) liver from fish fed 90% PBM and 10% HI larvae supplementation (90PBM + HI), revealing multifocal necrosis (yellow circle) and exocrine pancreas with zymogen (arrow). (D,E) Variation in the expression of hepatic HSP70 and HSP90 in response to different levels of PBM supplemented with HI. Data of panel (D) are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3) from one representative experimental diet. ns, not significant and #P < 0.05, by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons testing.