Table 2 Adjusted HR of CCP implementation to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

From: Guideline-Based Critical Care Pathway Improves Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

 

All-Cause Mortality

HR (95% CI)

P-value*

Cardiovascular Mortality

HR (95% CI)

P-value**

Age

1.07 (1.05–1.08)

<0.01

1.04 (1.03–1.06)

<0.01

Male

1.24 (1.02–1.51)

0.03

1.13 (0.83–1.52)

0.45

ST elevated myocardial infarction

0.75 (0.62–0.91)

<0.01

0.72 (0.54–0.97)

<0.01

Killip class

 

<0.01

 

<0.01

   I

Reference

 

Reference

 

   II

1.11 (0.89–1.40)

0.36

1.30 (0.90–1.87)

0.16

   III

1.49 (1.18–1.87)

<0.01

1.89 (1.32–2.69)

<0.01

   IV

1.16 (0.77–1.77)

0.48

1.41 (0.74–2.70)

0.30

Smoker

0.95 (0.80–1.14)

0.60

0.84 (0.64–1.12)

0.24

Past medical history

    

   Hypertension

1.03 (0.85–1.25)

0.77

1.40 (1.02–1.92)

0.04

   Diabetes mellitus

1.27 (1.06–1.52)

0.01

1.19 (0.90–1.58)

0.22

   Hyperlipidemia

0.92 (0.77–1.10)

0.34

0.96 (0.72–1.27)

0.76

   ACS

1.09 (0.76–1.55)

0.66

0.90 (0.51–1.61)

0.73

   Chronic kidney disease

2.18 (1.79–2.65)

<0.01

2.04 (1.49–2.78)

<0.01

Creatine kinase

0.79 (0.65–0.95)

0.02

0.77 (0.57–1.05)

0.10

LVEF

 

<0.01

 

<0.01

   ≥50%

Reference

 

Reference

 

   36–49%

1.26 (1.01–1.58)

0.04

1.07 (0.73–1.56)

0.75

   ≤35%

1.88 (1.51–2.33)

<0.01

2.36 (1.68–3.30)

<0.01

Coronary angiography

   Left main disease

0.73 (0.50–1.06)

0.10

0.84 (0.49–1.46)

0.54

   Triple vessel disease

0.67 (0.54–0.84)

<0.01

0.40 (0.27–0.60)

<0.01

Implementation of CCP

0.75 (0.62–0.91)

<0.01

0.62 (0.46–0.84)

<0.01

  1. *p-value for all-cause mortality.
  2. **p-value for cardiovascular mortality.
  3. HR: hazard ratio; CCP: critical care pathway; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.