Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted associations of ketamine use with post-intubation hypotension in hemodynamically unstable patients in the emergency department.
Model and covariate | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
Unadjusted model | ||
Ketamine use (vs midazolam or propofol use) | 0.45 (0.31–0.66) | <0.001 |
Adjusted model | ||
Ketamine use (vs midazolam or propofol use) | 0.43 (0.29–0.65) | <0.001 |
Covariates | ||
Age (per each incremental year) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001 |
Male sex | 0.71 (0.50–0.99) | 0.04 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
<18.5 | Reference | |
18.5–24.9 | 0.92 (0.60–1.41) | 0.71 |
≥25.0 | 1.17 (0.72–1.91) | 0.54 |
Primary indication | ||
Respiratory failure | Reference | |
Medical shock | 0.64 (0.43–0.96) | 0.03 |
Traumatic indication | 0.61 (0.35–1.06) | 0.08 |
Others* | 0.41 (0.25–0.66) | <0.001 |
Premedication use | 1.66 (1.09–2.52) | 0.02 |
Neuromuscular blocker use† | 1.00 (0.68–1.49) | 0.99 |
Specialty of intubator | ||
Transitional-year resident‡ | Reference | |
Emergency medicine resident | 0.90 (0.48–1.69) | 0.74 |
Emergency physician | 0.81 (0.50–1.29) | 0.37 |
Other specialties | 1.00 (0.60–1.66) | 0.99 |
