Table 4 Association of serum antioxidant with eGFR in individuals with one or two copies of the APOE4 allele.

From: Serum xanthophyll carotenoids are associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate in an aged cohort

Antioxidant

Unadjusted analysis

Adjusted analysis

β*

95% confidence intervals

P

β*

95% confidence intervals

P

Retinol (μmmol/L)

−2.001

−4.845, 0.842

0.17

−2.409

−5.111, 0.294

0.08

γ-Tocopherol (μmmol/L)

−0.185

−0.718, 0.348

0.50

−0.095

−0.596, 0.407

0.71

α-Tocopherol (μmmol/L)

0.160

−0.050, 0.370

0.14

0.225

0.001, 0.450

0.05

Lutein (mmol/L)

0.062

0.018, 0.106

0.006

0.059

0.016, 0.101

<0.01

Zeaxanthin (mmol/L)

0.233

0.028, 0.437

0.03

0.253

0.040, 0.466

0.02

β-Cryptoxanthin (mmol/L)

0.043

−0.080, 0.166

0.49

0.097

−0.030, 0.224

0.13

α-Carotene (mmol/L)

0.090

−0.007, 0.187

0.07

0.083

−0.012, 0.178

0.09

β-Carotene (mmol/L)

0.017

0.000, 0.033

0.05

0.023

0.006, 0.039

<0.01

Lycopene (μmmol/L)

3.741

−0.352, 7.834

0.07

2.975

−1.020, 6.970

0.14

  1. *Average increase in each serum antioxidant level per unit increase in eGFR.
  2. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age (years), gender, smoking (pack-years) and Alzheimer’s disease status.