Figure 1
From: Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Antenna using High Gain Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Elements

Various beam scanning concepts of the phased array antenna. (a–c) Conventional scanning using microstrip patch elements. (d–f) Wide-angle scanning using wide-angle elements. (g–i) Wide-angle scanning using PRA elements. (j–l) Wide-angle scanning of the sparse array using PRA elements.