Figure 3
miR-146a is induced upon HIV-1 infection and TCR stimulation. Jurkat cells were infected with HIV-1NL4-3 (p24 750 ng/ml) for 3 h and washed three times in PBS, then cultured with fresh RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The cells in each treatment group were then collected at the indicated time points. (a–d) Total RNA was isolated for quantitative PCR analysis of Gag, miR-146a, PD-1 and CTLA-4. Jurkat cells were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin, (e) miR-146a levels, exhaustion markers (f) PD-1 and (g) CTLA-4, and cytokines (h) IL-2, (i) TNF-α, (j) IFN-γ were detected at different time points by quantitative PCR. Each experiment was performed three times, and the results were shown as the mean fold change relative to control samples. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
