Table 1 Comparison of general baseline characteristics among the three patient groups.

Age (years)

63.39 ± 8.16

63.84 ± 8,78

64.23 ± 9.06

3.76

<0.05

Sex

71.94*

<0.05

   Male

730(41.03%)

569(45.81%)

785(56.03%)

   Female

1049(58.97%)

673(54.19%)

616(43.97%)

Smoking (%)

297(16.69%)

272(21.90%)

379(27.05%)

50.14*

<0.05

Drinking (%)

266(14.96%)

191(15.48%)

222(15.88%)

0.52*

0.77

Duration (years)

8.98 ± 7.91

9.95 ± 7.44

10.15 ± 7.16

11.09

<0.05

BMI (kg/m²)

24.52 ± 2.83

24.45 ± 3.46

24.64 ± 3.57

1.10

0.33

Family history (%)

241(15.02%)

170(14.06%)

192(14.04%)

0.75*

0.69

SBP (mmHg)

135.43 ± 18.95

136.98 ± 18.90

137.12 ± 18.94

3,70

<0.05

DBP (mmHg)

79.23 ± 11.28

79.46 ± 11.63

80.09 ± 11.40

2.19

0.11

TC (mmol/L)

4.35 ± 1.32

5.01 ± 1.23

5.01 ± 1.03

137.75

<0.05

TG (mmol/L)

1.70 ± 1.44

1.61 ± 1.08

1.89 ± 1.27

34.59

<0.05

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.55 ± 0.97

2.91 ± 0.99

2.91 ± 1.06

58.63

<0.05

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.06 ± 0.46

1.13 ± 0.28

1.18 ± 0.34

3.02

0.12

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

101.65 ± 30.80

105.01 ± 29.12

105.42 ± 29.19

5.50

<0.05

UA (mmol/L)

321 ± 108.91

308.13 ± 91.88

329.13 ± 97.00

2.34

0.24

BUN (mmol/L)

7.63 ± 1.02

7.72 ± 0.98

7.46 ± 1.65

1.23

0.89

HbA1c (%)

8.47 ± 2.27

8.48 ± 2.06

8.74 ± 2.22

6.90

<0.05

CHD (%)

193(10.85%)

163(13.12%)

199(144.20%)

8.56

<0.05

CBD (%)

241(13.55%)

209(16.83%)

244(17.42%)

10.55*

<0.05

Complications

   Nephropathy (%)

224(12.59%)

304(24.48%)

409(29.19%)

140.54*

<0.05

   Neuropathy (%)

530(29.79%)

616(49.60%)

953(68.02%)

462.54*

<0.05

   Retinopathy (%)

242(13.60%)

349(28.10%)

509(36.33%)

226.26*

<0.05