Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression analysis for the presence of MCI (adjusted by enterotype I).

From: The relationship between the gut microbiome and mild cognitive impairment in patients without dementia: a cross-sectional study conducted in Japan

 

OR

95% CI

P

Model 1

Age, years*

3.89

1.76–10.3

<0.001

Female sex

0. 67

0.17–2.40

0.541

Education, years

0.86

0.39–1.89

0.706

ApoE ε4 carrier*

11.9

1.91–132.8

0.006

Enterotype I*

10.2

2.23–62.7

0.002

F/B ratio

1.26

0.90–2.00

0.195

Model 2

Age, years*

3.86

1.87–9.38

<0.001

ApoE ε4 carrier*

9.41

1.58–98.9

0.011

Enterotype I*

5.95

1.61–28.2

0.006

Model 3

Age, years*

4.66

1.95–14.3

<0.001

ApoE ε4 carrier*

10.8

1.68–129.7

0.010

Smoking habits

3.10

0.80–14.3

0.104

Enterotype I*

5.36

1.30–28.7

0.019

WMH

7.33

0.84–174.2

0.075

CMBs

0.16

0.01–1.72

0.124

  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; F/B ratio, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; CMB, cerebral microbleeds.
  2. The asterisk indicates statistical significance.
  3. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, education years, ApoE ε4 carrier, enterotype, and F/B ratio.
  4. Model 2: stepwise adjusted for model 1 and prevalence of risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, chronic kidney disease, ischaemic heart disease, history of stroke, smoking habit, and alcohol drinking habit).
  5. Model 3: stepwise adjusted for model 2, magnetic resonance imaging findings (presence of silent lacunar infarcts, white matter hypersensitivity, cerebral microbleeds, cortical superficial siderosis, and voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer’s disease scores), and single photon emission-computed tomography findings (presence or absence of a reduction in blood flow in the area of the posterior cingulate gyrus and/or precuneus).
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