Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Crop production kept stable and sustainable with the decrease of nitrogen rate in North China Plain: An economic and environmental assessment over 8 years

Figure 5

Flux rate and cumulative amount of CO2 (A,D), CH4 (B,E) and N2O (C,F) under different nitrogen rates during 2015–2016 summer maize and winter wheat growing seasons. Nitrogen rate in wheat and maize, respectively, were; 0 and 0 kg N ha−1 (N0), 168 and 129 N ha−1 (N1), 240 and 185 kg N ha−1 (N2 and RN), and 300 and 300 kg N ha−1 (N3). Error bars denote the standard deviation. In (A–C) the vertical gray lines represent fertilizer application timings. In (D–F) the left side of the vertical gray line represents summer maize season, and the right side represents winter wheat season. Treatments with different lower-case letters are significantly different at the p ≤ 0.05 level.

Back to article page