Table 1 Timing and rate of nitrogen application (kg ha−1) for summer maize and winter wheat.

From: Crop production kept stable and sustainable with the decrease of nitrogen rate in North China Plain: An economic and environmental assessment over 8 years

Crop

Treatment

Timing and rate of nitrogen application (kg ha−1)

Before seeding

Jointing

Tasseling (maize)

Total

Winter wheat

N0

0

0

0

N1

50

118

168

N2 & RN2

72

168

240

N3

90

210

300

Summer maize

N0

0

0

0

0

N1

21

63

45

129

N2 & RN2

30

90

65

185

N3

50

145

105

300

  1. Nitrogen rates in the RN2 treatment were 0 kg N ha−1 in 2009–2011 and were 240 and 185 kg N ha−1 in 2012–2016 for wheat and maize, respectively.