Table 1 Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the study collective.

From: Markers of endothelial pathology to support detection of atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of undetermined source

N

ESUS

AF

Macroangiopathic stroke

Microangiopathic stroke

P-value

Previously diagnosed

Newly diagnosed

45

5

18

11

19

Age (a) (IQR)

69.00$§§

(53.00–76.50)

80.00*ß

(74.50–89.00)

79.00**ß

(75.75–82.25)

69.00$§

(63.00–75.00)

68.00

(63.00–81.00)

0.004

Sex (male)

27

(60.0%)

2

(40.0%)

14

(77.8%)

7

(63.6%)

11

(57.9%)

0.532

BMI (kg/m²)

(IQR)

26.73

(23.08–28.69)

25.59

(21.07–26.01)

26.24

(25.00–30.38)

23.15#

(21.46–27.76)

27.13ß

(25.01–33.81)

0.119

ESRS

(IQR)

3.0§§

(2.0–4.0)

4.0

(4.0–4.0)

4.5**#

(4.0–5.0)

3.0

(2.0–5.0)

3.0§

(3.0–5.0)

0.027

CHA2DS2VASC (IQR)

4.0§§

(3.0–5.0)

5.0

(4.5–6.0)

5.5**#

(5.0–6.0)

5.0

(4.0–6.0)

4.0§

(4.0–6.0)

0.007

NIHSS on admission (IQR)

2.0

(1.0–5.0)

3.0

(0–13.0)

2.0#

(1.0–3.25)

3.0

(1.0–4.0)

3.0§

(2.0–5.0)

0.305

NIHSS on follow-up (IQR)

0

(0–1.0)

0

(0–2.0)

0

(0–1.0)

0

(0–12.0)

0

(0–2.0)

0.859

mRS on follow-up (IQR)

1.0

(0–1.5)

1.0

(0–2.0)

1.0

(0–3.0)

1.0

(0–4.0)

1.0

(0–4.0)

0.364

Barthel-Index (IQR)

100

(97.50–100)

95

(87.50–100)

100

(93.75–100)

100

(40–100)

100

(50–100)

0.491

Symptom to venous puncture time on follow-up (d) (IQR)

391.50

(372.75–453.50)

401

(387.50–437.00)

379

(375.25–421.00)

374.50

(371.25–443.75)

378

(366.50–423.50)

0.463

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²) (IQR)

81§

(66.08–100.04)

63.50

(54.91–86.21)

70.46*#

(57.39–80.90)

72.00

(61–101.00)

81.00§

(72.47–93.00)

0.156

Serum creatinine (µmol/l) (IQR)

79.00

(66.50–94.00)

75.00

(66.00–97.00)

89.00

(74.00–105.25)

95.00

(64.00–103.00)

77.00

(72.00–86.00)

0.352

Cumulative time of Holter-ECG (h) (IQR)

72.00#

(70.00–93.05)

(N = 45)

47.50

(24.00)

(N = 2)

70.00

(46.50–76.00)

(N = 16)

72.00

(48.00–96.00)

(N = 11)

72.00*

(48.00–72.00)

(N = 19)

0.071

  1. The Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) subsumes following risk factors: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age, previous myocardial infarction, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, other cardiovascular disease and nicotine abuse. The CHA2DS2VASC subsumes the risk factors congestive heart failure, arterial hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism, other vascular disease and sex. */** indicates significant differences with the ESUS-group. $/$$ indicates significant differences with the previously diagnosed AF group. §/§§ indicates significant differences with the newly diagnosed AF group. ß/ßß indicates significant differences with the macroangiopathic stroke group. #/## indicates significant differences with the microangiopathic stroke group. Values were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis-test and chi-square test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
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