Table 3 Participant characteristics divided by breakfast consumption.
Breakfast n = 935 (93%) | No breakfast n = 72 (7%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Number of meals | 6 (5–8) | 5 (4–7) | <0.001 |
Men, % | 39.9 | 50.0 | 0.105 |
Age, years | 48 (37–58) | 38 (29–47) | <0.001 |
Diabetes duration, years | 31 (20–42) | 20 (12–35) | <0.001 |
Current smoking, % | 10.7 | 10.1 | 1.000 |
Insulin pump, % | 17.8 | 27.1 | 0.057 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.5 (23.2–28.3) | 25.6 (22.8–29.1) | 0.986 |
Weight, kg | 74 (65–84) | 78 (67–90) | 0.089 |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 63 (55–72) | 64 (59–74) | 0.367 |
HbA1c, % | 7.9 (7.2–8.7) | 8.0 (7.5–8.9) | 0.367 |
HbA1c < 59 mmol/mol (<7.5%), % | 33.9 | 22.2 | 0.051 |
Mean BG measurements, mmol/l | 8.0 (6.8–9.3) | 9.2 (7.7–10.1) | <0.001 |
CV of the BG measurements | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.932 |
Triglycerides, mmol/l | 0.96 (0.73–1.33) | 1.10 (0.80–1.48) | 0.067 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.5 (3.9–5.1) | 4.6 (4.1–5.2) | 0.175 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 0.120 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 136 (124–150) | 132 (122–149) | 0.501 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76 (69–83) | 76 (72–83) | 0.470 |
