Table 1 Characteristics of the study population.

Subject	Status	Sex	Age, [y]	Pack years	FEV1/FVC, [%]	GOLD stage
1	Case	m	70	35	55.7	2
2	Matched FS	m	68	32	76.6	0
3	Case	m	66	36	42.7	3
4	Matched FS	m	56	37	78.7	0
5	Case	f	61	27	67.0	1
6	Matched FS	f	61	59	85.5	0
7	NS	m	57	0	87.2	0
8	NS	f	68	0	84.1	0
9	NS	f	62	0	85.0	0
10	Case	m	68	35	41.0	3
11	FS	m	73	54	76.4	0
12	FS	m	64	55	98.0	0

Subjects 1–9 were recruited at a first stage of the study with only one lung brush sample collected, subjects 10–12 were later added, providing two lung brush samples each. Pack years is the number of cigarette packs smoked by day multiplied by the number of years the person has smoked. A COPD case is defined by FEV1/FVC < 70%. The GOLD stage is a measure of magnitude of the airflow obstruction in cases (1: mild; 2: moderate; 3: severe). None of the subjects has smoked in the past two years. FS = former smoker, NS = never smoker, FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC = forced vital capacity.

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