Figure 4
From: Effect of nicotine on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and virulence factors
More dead cells were observed after nicotine treatment. Biofilms were grown for 24 h with or without 2 mg/mL nicotine(n = 3), then stained with SYTO9 (green fluorescence) and PI (red fluorescence) to represent the live and dead bacteria independently. (A) Biofilm were observing using CLSM with a 63 × 1.4-NA oil immersion objective. (B) Fluorescence was quantified using Leica Application Suite 1.0 software. A higher overall green fluorescence intensity was observed in the nicotine treated group. *P < 0.05. RFU, Relative fluorescence units.
