Table 3 Fit to the IEST-STD-CC 1246E cleanliness standard for each of the locations. The cleanliness level is given by L. Also indicated is the fractional area coverage f of the particles on the glass surface.

From: Modelling photovoltaic soiling losses through optical characterization

City

L at 100×

L at 500×

f at 100×

f at 500×

# of particles at 100×

# of particles at 500×

R2 at 100×

R2 at 500×

RMSE at 100×

RMSE at 500×

Chennai, India

1096

1154

0.21

0.25

14748

6794

0.99

0.98

0.142

0.110

Golden, CO

856

881

0.08

0.15

8512

9373

0.99

0.93

0.228

0.281

Jaén, Spain

1010

1145

0.16

0.26

19209

9445

0.99

0.93

0.130

0.238

Penryn, UK

684

670

0.02

0.06

2612

5845

0.86

0.79

0.372

0.385

San José, CA

872

1169

0.06

0.21

6116

7324

0.98

0.86

0.125

0.388

Tezpur, India

1167

1193

0.16

0.32

14423

8832

0.98

0.98

0.266

0.130