Table 4 Characteristics of prospective studies on T2D.

From: Metabolomic and Lipidomic Signatures of Metabolic Syndrome and its Physiological Components in Adults: A Systematic Review

Reference (Study, population location)

Study design

Follow-up time (years)

Outcome

N

Age range

Gender

Population sample characteristics

Methods

Results

N

Type

Age

BMI

WC (cm)

Sys BP

Dia BP

(mmHg)

Glucose (mM)

TG (mM)

HDL-C (mM)

Biological

fluid / sample

Data production

Statistical method (covariates in fully adjusted model)

Family with significantly modulated metabolites

Peddinti_201787

(Botnia, Finland + DESIR, France)

Case/ Control

10

T2D

prediction

543

48–52

M+W

146

T2D

52±1

29±0.4

96±1

139±2

84±1

5.9±0.05

1.7±0.08

1.3±0.03

Plasma / MeOH extract

Semi-targeted LC/MS + GC/MS

(Metabolon® platform)

metabolomics

Conditional logistic regression FDR q<0.05 (Age, sex/gender, BMI, fasting glucose level and family history of T2D) p- values <0.05 multivariate logistic regression

Amino acids and derivatives, bilirubins, carbohydrates and derivatives, fatty acids and derivatives, quinones and hydroquinones

397

non-T2D

48±1

26±0.2

88±1

130±1

79±1

5.6±0.03

1.3±0.04

1.4±0.01

Suvitaival_201788

(METSIM (discovery set), Denmark)

Case/ Control

5

T2D

prediction

323

53–65

M

107

T2D

59±6

29±4

102±0

143±16

90±9

6.0±0.5

1.9±1.2

1.3±0.4

Plasma / lipid fraction

Non-targeted LC/MS lipidomics

Logistic regression

Model (Age and BMI)

Glycerolipids, glycerophos-pholipids

216

non-T2D

60±5

26±2

95±7

133±15

85±9

5.2±0.2

1.1±0.5

1.5±0.4

Wang-Satler_201283

(KORA, Germany)

Case/Control

10

T2D

prediction

876

58–72

M+W

91

T2D

66±5

30±4

NA

138±19

NA

5.9±0.6

1.7±0.8

1.3±0.3

Serum / serum

Targeted LC/MS

metabolomics

(AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit: Biocrates)

Logistic regression (Age, sex/gender, BMI, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, SBP, HDL cholesterol Hb1Ac, fasting glucose and fasting insulin)

Glycerophos-pholipids

785

non-T2D

63±5

28±4

NA

132±19

NA

5.4±0.5

1.4±0.8

1.6±0.4

Yengo_201689

(DESIR, Europe)

Case/ Control

9

T2D prediction (ADA)

1067

37–60

M+W

231

T2D

51±9

28±4

94±11

139±17

84±9

5.9±0.6

1.7±1.2

1.5±0.4

Plasma / MeOH extract

Semi-targeted LC/MS-MS + GC/MS

(Metabolon® platform)

metabolomics

Logistic and Cox regressions

Amino acids and derivatives, carbohydrates and derivatives, carnitines, fatty acids and derivatives, glycerolipids, glycerophos-pholipids, peptides, purines and derivatives, steroids

836

non-T2D

47±10

25±4

83±11

131±16

80±10

5.3±0.7

1.1±0.7

1.6±0.4

  1. BMI = body mass index; WC = waist circumference; BP = blood pressure (sys = systolic; dia = diastolic); TG = triglycerides; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  2. ‘Extract’ refers to direct protein precipitation/extraction on raw biological materials; ‘fraction’ refers a separation of biological materials into polar and lipid fractions. MeOH: methanol.
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