Table 1 Comparisons of the baseline characteristics and clinical variables between survivors and non-survivors at 8-year follow-up.

From: Heart rate variability as an independent predictor for 8-year mortality among chronic hemodialysis patients

 

Survivors (n = 85)

Non-survivors (n = 79)

p-value

Gender, woman

49 (57.6%)

45 (57.0%)

0.929

Age, years

61.2 ± 11.8

69.2 ± 13.3

<0.001

Period of dialysis, years

6.4 ± 5.9

5.1 ± 4.9

0.129

Causes of uremia

  

0.143

Diabetic nephropathy

22 (25.9%)

29 (36.7%)

 

Hypertension

2 (2.4%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Chronic glomerulonephritis

44 (51.8%)

42 (53.2%)

 

Others

17 (20.0%)

8 (10.1%)

 

Comorbidities

Diabetes mellitus

27 (31.8%)

34 (43.0%)

0.136

Hypertension

58 (68.2%)

61 (77.2%)

0.198

Liver cirrhosis

5 (5.9%)

9 (11.4%)

0.207

Coronary artery disease

19 (22.4%)

20 (25.3%)

0.656

Heart failure

18 (21.2%)

22 (27.8%)

0.320

Cerebrovascular accident

8 (9.4%)

12 (15.2%)

0.259

Peripheral arterial disease

8 (9.4%)

4 (5.1%)

0.285

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

6 (7.1%)

11 (13.9%)

0.150

Malignancy

4 (4.7%)

9 (11.4%)

0.113

Baseline data

Kt/V

1.4 ± 0.2

1.4 ± 0.2

0.991

Urea Reduction Ratio, %

82.1 ± 78.3

74.9 ± 8.0

0.413

Cardio-Thoracic Ratio, %

50.5 ± 4.4

52.6 ± 5.4

0.006

White blood cell, x109/L

6.6 ± 2.3

6.0 ± 1.9

0.075

Hemoglobin, g/dL

10.0 ± 1.3

9.4 ± 1.5

0.006

Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL

79.4 ± 19.6

70.7 ± 19.6

0.005

Creatinine, mg/dL

10.8 ± 2.3

10.5 ± 4.5

0.549

Calcium, mg/dL

9.0 ± 0.8

9.1 ± 0.6

0.886

Phosphate, mg/dL

5.2 ± 1.6

4.7 ± 1.7

0.048

Calcium phosphate product, (mg/dL)2

47.1 ± 14.9

42.9 ± 15.6

0.075

Albumin, g/dL

3.9 ± 0.3

3.7 ± 0.3

0.002

Sodium, mmol/L

138.0 ± 3.4

137.5 ± 3.1

0.355

Potassium, mEq/L

4.7 ± 0.7

4.7 ± 0.9

0.901

Intact-parathyroid hormone, ug/L

345.6 ± 615.1

223.1 ± 287.8

0.101

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

159.0 ± 31.5

167.7 ± 40.4

0.129

Triglyceride, mg/dL

141.4 ± 118.8

174.9 ± 129.6

0.086

Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL

98.8 ± 28.5

99.2 ± 32.8

0.941

High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL

34.8 ± 15.3

34.8 ± 20.0

0.988

Sugar (non-fasting), mg/dL

150.2 ± 55.7

145.3 ± 55.3

0.571

nPCR, g/kg/day

1.1 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.4

0.413

Body mass index, kg/m2

21.8 ± 3.6

22.4 ± 4.2

0.344

Data at the index hemodialysis

Dry weight, kg

55.3 ± 11.4

55.6 ± 10.5

0.873

Actual ultrafiltration, kg

2.2 ± 1.0

2.3 ± 0.9

0.679

%Ultrafiltration, %

4.0 ± 1.7

4.1 ± 1.6

0.535

MAP at initial of hemodialysis, mmHg

92.0 ± 15.3

90.6 ± 14.7

0.547

  1. Notes: Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables or number (%) for categorical variables unless otherwise stated. P-value was calculated using a Chi-square test or independent student’s t-test as appropriate. Baseline laboratory data were the pre-dialysis data obtained when patients are receiving HRV measurements.
  2. Abbreviations: i-PTH, intact-parathyroid hormone; MAP, mean arterial pressure; nPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate.
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