Table 3 Independent predictors for cardiovascular mortality after an 8-year follow-up.

From: Heart rate variability as an independent predictor for 8-year mortality among chronic hemodialysis patients

Variables

B

HR

95% CI

p-value

Baseline characteristics and procedures

Nil

—

—

—

—

HRV indices

VLFa

−0.011

0.990

0.986–0.993

<0.001

TPa

−0.001

0.999

0.998–1.001

0.321

Variancea

−0.010

0.991

0.987–0.994

<0.001

nLFa

0.000

0.999

0.999–1.000

0.006

nHFa

0.032

1.033

1.029–1.036

<0.001

LF/HFa

−0.228

0.796

0.746–0.849

0.012

  1. Note: All HRV measurements had been adjusted by mixed models and subsequently put into a multivariate Cox regression method with adjustment to baseline characteristics and clinical variables. In the mixed model, VLF, TP, and nLF were adjusted by times (HRV-0, -1, -2, -3); Variance was adjusted by times (HRV-0, -1, -2, -3) and comorbidities with peripheral arterial disease; nHF was adjusted by times (HRV-0, -1, -2, -3) and age; LF/HF was adjusted by times (HRV-0, -1, -2, -3), age, and blood urea nitrogen. aEvery increment of one unit.
  2. Units: Ln (ms2) in VLF, TP, and variance; Ln (ratio) in LF/HF ratio; normalized units in nLF and nHF.
  3. Abbreviations: B, beta coefficient; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; HRV, heart rate variability; Ln, nature logarithmical; nHF, normalized high-frequency; nLF, normalized low-frequency; TP, total power; Variance, the variance of the R-R intervals; VLF, very-low-frequency.
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