Table 4 Independent predictors for infection-associated mortality after an 8-year follow-up.

From: Heart rate variability as an independent predictor for 8-year mortality among chronic hemodialysis patients

Variables

B

HR

95% CI

p-value

Baseline characteristics and procedures

Agea

2.96

19.29

3.76–99.03

<0.001

Albumina

−4.32

0.01

0.00–0.17

0.001

HRV indices

VLFa

0.001

1.001

0.997–1.005

0.597

TPa

0.001

1.000

0.999–1.001

0.354

Variancea

0.001

1.001

1.000–1.001

0.204

nLFa

0.001

1.000

1.000–1.001

0.056

nHFa

0.013

1.013

1.009–1.017

<0.001

LF/HFa

0.018

1.018

0.995–1.041

0.128

  1. Note: All HRV measurements had been adjusted by mixed models and subsequently put into a multivariate Cox regression method with adjustment to baseline characteristics and clinical variables. In the mixed model, VLF, TP, and nLF were adjusted by times (HRV-0, -1, -2, -3); Variance was adjusted by times (HRV-0, -1, -2, -3) and comorbidities with peripheral arterial disease; nHF was adjusted by times (HRV-0, -1, -2, -3) and age; LF/HF was adjusted by times (HRV-0, -1, -2, -3), age, and blood urea nitrogen. aEvery increment of one unit.
  2. Units: Ln (ms2) in VLF, TP, and variance; Ln (ratio) in LF/HF ratio; normalized units in nLF and nHF.
  3. Abbreviations: B, beta coefficient; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; HRV, heart rate variability; Ln, nature logarithmical; nHF, normalized high-frequency; nLF, normalized low-frequency; TP, total power; Variance, the variance of the R-R intervals; VLF, very-low-frequency.
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