Figure 1

Map showing location of the study area and the experimental sites (indicated as green dots) within 33 square grids covering the study area. Remaining grids were excluded due to their location near the boundary (covering very less area) and/or unavailability of suitable sites for field experiments. Map of India was modified from the original image obtained from https://nroer.gov.in/5645d28d81fccb60f166681d/file/57cff5fe16b51c038dedcb21 [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)]; country, state and district boundary shapefiles were downloaded from http://diva-gis.org/datadown. The satellite image of the study area was exported from Google Earth Pro version 7.3 (https://www.google.com/earth) and the final map was prepared in ArcMap version 10.1 (http://www.desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/) along with roads, drainage networks and ponds.