Table 3 Results of the Multiple Regression Analyses where age, sex, income, marital status, education, employment status and type of gaming [with non-problematic gaming, sex (male), age (18–24), education (bachelor), income (low), marital status (single) and employment status (student only) used as reference categories for each variables) were regressed upon the neuropsychiatric diseases. Model 1: multiple linear analysis with insomnia as dependent variable. Model 2: multiple linear analysis with excessive daytime sleepiness as dependent variable. Model 3: multiple linear analysis with anxiety as dependent variable. Model 4: multiple linear analyses with depression as dependent variable. B = unstandardized regression coefficient. β = standardized regression coefficient. SE = standard error. t = t-test statistic. Sig. = Significance level (p-value), *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. ΔR2 = change in variance. F = statistic of Fisher.

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Insomnia, sleepiness, anxiety and depression among different types of gamers in African countries

Model 1: Prediction of Insomnia

Model summary

95% Confidence Interval

Precision of prediction

Variables

B

SE

β

t

Sig.

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

ΔR2

F

Type of Gamers

0.89

(25, 10541) = 251.87, p <0.001

Engaged

0.861

0.002

0.23

9.748

0.523

−0.21

2.458

Problematic

5.984

1.007

0.72

53.416

0.000***

0.798

3.862

Addicted

10.608

3.086

1.8

70.975

0.000***

1.153

4.936

Sex

Female

0.842

0.26

0.09

12.406

0.692

−0.263

2.074

Age

24–30

2.785

1.005

0.752

29.741

0.000***

0.876

3.429

30–36

−0.807

0.48

−0.09

−10.118

0.000***

0.785

3.478

36–42

−1.487

1.044

−0.148

−14.769

0.023*

0.805

4.789

42–48

1.472

0.945

0.153

12.337

0.92

0.189

1.967

Education (degree)

Master

0.062

0.041

0.005

6.314

0.741

0.231

2.486

Doctorate

0.201

0.06

0.002

2.078

0.433

0.199

2.981

Postdoctorate

1.178

1.031

0.08

11.723

0.032*

0.742

3.476

Income

Middle

0.412

0.87

0.04

4.259

0.289

0.179

2.008

High

2.486

1.11

0.347

24.842

0.000***

0.832

3.796

Marital status

Engaged

2.442

0.474

0.23

24.547

0.000***

0.745

4.018

Married

−6.475

1.007

−0.483

−12.145

0.000***

0.915

4.903

Employment status

Employed

−0.475

1.42

−0.041

−1.347

0.412

0.261

2.978

Student & employed

−12.91

2.742

−0.263

−11.847

0.000***

0.974

5.949

Model 2: Prediction of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

Type of Gamers

0.84

(25, 10541) = 184.87, p <0.001

Engaged

0.783

0.072

0.248

7.956

0.087

0.196

1.987

Problematic

1.874

1.094

0.189

18.016

0.000***

0.922

2.824

Addicted

4.588

1.796

0.387

30.725

0.000***

1.135

4.328

Sex

Female

0.719

0.417

0.032

7.194

0.108

0.263

1.792

Age

24–30

2.105

0.746

0.218

21.075

0.000***

0.967

3.897

30–36

−0.484

0.543

−0.049

−40.88

0.000***

1.685

5.694

36–42

−0.845

1.044

−0.848

−8.769

0.000***

0.495

2.897

42–48

−1.197

0.945

−0.198

−12.649

0.076

−0.189

3.423

Education (degree)

Master

0.427

0.596

0.043

4.379

0.742

0.171

1.869

Doctorate

−0.201

0.095

−0.798

−2.706

0.291

0.149

2.001

Postdoctorate

−1.468

1.207

−0.248

−15.72

0.000***

0.959

2.796

Income

Middle

1.236

0.478

0.119

12.462

0.642

0.179

1.908

High

1.487

0.984

0.157

14.985

0.000***

0.872

2.965

Marital status

Engaged

−2.442

1.706

−0.246

−24.547

0.000***

1.008

3.804

Married

−2.713

1.007

−0.272

−20.241

0.000***

1.207

3.429

Employment status

Employed

−0.489

1.42

−0.048

−1.347

0.238

0.324

2.978

Student & employed

−2.914

2.742

−0.263

−29.85

0.000***

1.004

3.084

Model 3: Prediction of Anxiety

Type of Gamers

0.83

(25, 10541) = 212.96, p <0.001

Engaged

0.964

0.078

0.092

9.269

0.059

0.216

1.872

Problematic

2.297

1.164

0.238

20.916

0.000***

1.102

2.862

Addicted

4.895

1.089

0.574

48.804

0.000***

1.078

4.068

Sex

Female

0.891

0.472

0.09

8.805

0.000***

0.963

2.925

Age

24–30

2.938

1.005

0.294

29.741

0.000***

1.207

3.764

30–36

2.307

0.48

0.237

20.358

0.207

−0.285

2.004

36–42

0.876

0.8

0.184

8.469

0.086

0.308

2.802

42–48

2.898

1.538

0.192

28.537

0.000***

0.99

3.839

Education (degree)

Master

0.062

0.041

0.005

6.314

0.742

0.241

1.487

Doctorate

0.201

0.06

0.0018

2.078

0.291

0.202

2.381

Postdoctorate

1.178

1.031

0.08

11.723

0.000***

0.769

2.796

Income

Middle

1.694

1.035

0.168

17.321

0.000***

1.108

3.185

High

2.194

0.839

0.227

21.842

0.095

0.281

2.062

Marital status

Engaged

−2.429

1.338

−0.243

−0.243

0.000***

0.946

3.948

Married

−2.906

0.943

−0.291

−0.291

0.000***

1.078

3.197

Employment status

Employed

0.275

0.45

0.027

1.347

0.238

0.229

2.978

Student & employed

2.164

1.5

0.216

20.335

0.000***

0.998

3.907

Model 4: Prediction of Depression

Type of Gamers

0.76

(25, 10541) = 214.48, p <0.001

Engaged

1.789

1.325

0.178

17.906

0.083

0.218

2.108

Problematic

2.294

1.007

0.231

23.065

0.000***

0.985

3.893

Addicted

3.476

1.35

0.348

30.196

0.000***

1.203

4.036

Sex

Female

0.734

0.276

0.073

7.351

0.004**

0.867

2.869

Age

24–30

1.621

1.603

0.162

16.227

0.073

0.376

2.272

30–36

0.679

0.125

0.072

6.845

0.176

0.185

2.728

36–42

1.117

0.698

0.112

11.18

0.045*

0.795

3.787

42–48

0.987

0.267

0.1

9.922

0.026*

0.708

2.978

Education (degree)

Master

0.937

0.594

0.092

9.297

0.742

0.197

2.872

Doctorate

0.489

0.138

0.048

4.902

0.291

0.249

2.488

Postdoctorate

0.776

0.255

0.077

7.729

0.7

0.742

3.476

Income

Middle

1.497

1.012

0.148

14.972

0.695

0.209

2.462

High

1.634

1.106

0.164

16.346

0.678

0.232

2.007

Marital status

Engaged

−0.972

0.268

−0.092

−9.478

0.000***

1.092

3.178

Married

−1.798

1.161

−0.176

−17.7

0.000***

1.115

2.903

Employment status

Employed

1.763

1.045

0.175

17.658

0.238

0.261

2.978

Student & employed

1.874

1.428

0.185

18.678

0.006**

0.874

5.949

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