Table 2 Changes in ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness by visit.

From: Ganglion Cell – Inner Plexiform Layer Damage in Diabetic Patients: 3-Year Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study

  

Control group (μm)

No-DR group (μm)

NPDR group (μm)

p-value and post-hoc analysis*

Average

Initial

84.23 ± 6.22

81.10 ± 4.47

80.19 ± 8.99

0.001‡

 

1-year FU

83.73 ± 6.22

80.27 ± 4.67

79.03 ± 7.65

<0.001‡

 

2-year FU

83.56 ± 6.71

79.28 ± 4.70

77.60 ± 8.26

<0.001‡

 

3-year FU

83.26 ± 6.76

77.63 ± 4.54

76.48 ± 6.66

<0.001‡

 

p-value†

0.012

<0.001

<0.001

 

Superior segment

Initial

85.27 ± 6.93

82.29 ± 4.88

80.90 ± 9.66

0.006§

 

1-year FU

86.22 ± 7.02

81.20 ± 4.93

79.92 ± 8.37

<0.001‡

 

2-year FU

84.35 ± 8.17

80.36 ± 4.89

78.48 ± 9.21

<0.001‡

 

3-year FU

84.18 ± 7.93

78.57 ± 4.96

77.32 ± 7.69

<0.001‡

 

p-value†

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

 

Superotemporal segment

Initial

83.47 ± 7.00

80.18 ± 5.38

80.11 ± 8.95

0.021§

 

1-year FU

84.23 ± 7.15

79.35 ± 5.41

79.11 ± 8.21

<0.001‡

 

2-year FU

82.78 ± 8.11

78.58 ± 5.38

78.03 ± 8.50

0.001‡

 

3-year FU

83.05 ± 7.21

76.92 ± 4.92

76.81 ± 6.83

<0.001‡

 

p-value†

0.107

<0.001

0.001

 

Inferotemporal segment

Initial

84.90 ± 7.20

80.53 ± 5.76

80.84 ± 8.98

0.003‡

 

1-year FU

85.50 ± 6.71

79.98 ± 5.68

80.05 ± 6.95

<0.001‡

 

2-year FU

83.53 ± 8.12

78.79 ± 6.25

78.95 ± 7.54

0.002‡

 

3-year FU

83.83 ± 8.94

77.31 ± 5.64

77.17 ± 6.56

<0.001‡

 

p-value†

0.057

<0.001

<0.001

 

Inferior segment

Initial

81.52 ± 8.64

78.22 ± 6.12

77.81 ± 9.39

0.031§

 

1-year FU

81.98 ± 7.98

77.69 ± 7.05

76.14 ± 9.65

0.001‡

 

2-year FU

80.25 ± 10.42

76.15 ± 7.36

75.03 ± 8.88

0.005‡

 

3-year FU

80.23 ± 9.64

75.12 ± 5.93

73.84 ± 7.37

<0.001‡

 

p-value†

0.030

<0.001

0.001

 

Inferonasal segment

Initial

85.52 ± 6.12

81.90 ± 4.86

79.94 ± 9.43

<0.001‡

 

1-year FU

85.92 ± 7.10

80.94 ± 5.22

78.49 ± 9.46

<0.001‡

 

2-year FU

85.17 ± 5.93

79.74 ± 5.00

77.38 ± 9.03

<0.001‡

 

3-year FU

84.48 ± 6.71

78.00 ± 5.33

75.92 ± 8.81

<0.001‡

 

p-value†

0.014

<0.001

0.001

 

Superonasal segment

Initial

87.57 ± 6.21

83.73 ± 5.08

82.08 ± 10.21

<0.001‡

 

1-year FU

88.08 ± 6.48

82.55 ± 5.30

80.44 ± 9.13

<0.001‡

 

2-year FU

87.85 ± 7.79

81.52 ± 5.44

78.44 ± 11.94

<0.001‡

 

3-year FU

86.85 ± 6.25

79.78 ± 5.53

77.90 ± 8.85

<0.001‡

 

p-value†

0.146

<0.001

<0.001

 
  1. All values are the mean ± standard deviation.
  2. DR = diabetic retinopathy; NPDR = nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; FU, follow-up.
  3. *p-value for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction.
  4. †p-value for repeated-measures ANOVA.
  5. ‡Indicates control group was significantly greater than the no-DR and NPDR groups.
  6. §Indicates control group was significantly greater than the NPDR group.
  7. Significant differences are in bold font.
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