Table 3 Relationship between abdominal pain during childhood and adolescence and depression in 17-year-old adolescents in the Raine Study.

2

Painful bowel motions

0.78

0.30–2.00

0.6

8

≥3 episodes interfering with usual activities in past 3 months

2.19

1.04–4.60

0.04

1.44

0.26–7.98

0.67

Frequency several days per week

2.88

0.63–13.26

0.18

10

Frequency ≥12 weeks of the preceding year

2.15

1.12–4.12

0.02

1.99

0.78–5.08

0.15

Painful bowel motions

1.57

0.83–2.98

0.17

Improves with bowel motion

1.56

1.02–2.38

0.04

   Psychological

4.76

1.44–15.72

0.01

4.14

1.22–14.03

0.02

   Constipation

3.2

1.48–6.90

0.003

2.98

1.37–6.51

0.006

   Abdominal migraine

0.95

0.12–7.40

0.96

   Gastro-oesophageal reflux

1.31

0.16–10.53

0.8

17

Occurrence during preceding 3 months

2.47

1.52–3.99

<0.001

Frequency ≥1 day per week during preceding 3 months

3.43

1.75–6.40

<0.001

2.46

1.16–5.21

0.02