Figure 1

Strategies for electroactive hydrogel morphing with the multipolar spatial electric field. (a) Schematic diagram of the positive and negative curvatures bending for hydrogel as a function of the separated electric field with a vertical electrode configuration. (b) The two-dimensional electric field distribution of the multipolar electrode. The direction of the electric field was controlled by controlling the polarity of the voltage to each electrode, and P and N depict the electric field direction. (c) Sequential images of hydrogel having bidirectional bending. The part-1 and part-2 indicate positive (toward top electrode) and negative (toward bottom electrode) curvature, respectively. The scale bar corresponds to 3 mm.