Figure 2
From: Multipolar spatial electric field modulation for freeform electroactive hydrogel actuation
Numerical simulations of multipolar spatial electric field modulation. (a) The dimension of electrodes in a vertical configuration. Here, w, d, and h depict the width of the electrode, the horizontal distance between patterned electrodes, and the vertical distance of the electrode pairs, respectively. (b) The electric field distribution of a single pair (d = 0) of the electrode geometry. The total electric field distribution in patterned electrode with (c) the same polarity and (d) different polarity in the electrode pairs vertically. (e) The orthogonal electric field of |Ex| and |Ey| as a function of h/2 in case of single pair (d = 0) of the electrode configuration. The spatial variations of the active electric field of |Ey| with (f) the same polarity of the electric field configuration and with (g) different polarity of one in cases of d/h = 0.7, 1.3, 1.7, and 2.3. (h) The spatial variations of the active electric field of |Ey| (black) and |Ex| (red) as a function of d/h in patterned electrode configuration. The |Ey|/|Ex| (blue dash), which significant in vertical electrode configuration, has an optimum value in d/h of ~1.6. The orthogonal electric field of |Ex| and |Ey| as a function of x-position (i) when bottom electrodes are grounded and (j) when voltages are applied in half (±v/2) to the top and bottom electrodes.
