Table 1 Preoperative characteristics according to the patient group.

From: Elderly versus non-elderly patients undergoing surgery for left-sided native valve infective endocarditis: A 10-year institutional experience

Parameters

Overall

Elderly

(≥65 years)

Non-elderly

(<65 years)

P-value

n = 179

n = 38

n = 141

Clinical demographics

Sex (female, n, %)

49, 27.4

14, 36.8

35, 24.8

0.140

Age (years)

51.3 ± 16.6

74.2 ± 6.4

45.2 ± 12.6

0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

21.5 (19.1–24.6)

22.7 (18.9–26.2)

21.5 (19.2–23.7)

0.174

Hypertension (n, %)

16, 8.9

5, 13.2

11, 7.8

0.304

Diabetes mellitus (n, %)

43, 24.0

11, 28.9

32, 22.7

0.423

Liver cirrhosis (n, %)

8, 4.5

0, 0

8, 5.7

0.133

Creatinine (mg/Dl)

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

1.3 (1.0–2.3)

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

77.3 (46.8–116.8)

49.2 (24.6–74.6)

86.6 (55.9–126.7)

0.001

ESRD (n, %)

16, 8.9

4, 10.5

12, 8.5

0.699

IV drug abuser (n, %)

7, 3.9

0, 0

7, 5.0

0.161

Preoperative condition

Critical status (n, %)

31, 17.3

10, 26.3

21, 14.9

0.099

Ventilator support (n, %)

27, 15.1

9, 23.7

18, 12.8

0.095

Inotropic support (n, %)

12, 6.7

4, 10.5

8, 5.7

0.288

ICU hospitalization (n, %)

27, 15.1

8, 21.1

19, 13.5

0.247

LVEF (%)

65.4 ± 9.8

66.5 ± 10.6

65.1 ± 9.5

0.434

LVEF <50% (n, %)

12, 6.7

2, 5.3

10, 7.1

0.689

EuroSCORE II (%)

2.9 (1.8–6.1)

6.6 (4.1–11.7)

2.4 (1.8–4.1)

0.001

Antibiotics course before surgery (days)

15.0 (6.0–28.0)

14.5 (6.0–28.5)

15.0 (6.0–27.5)

0.712

Hospital stay before surgery (days)

20.0 (9.0–31.0)

19.0 (9.8–31.5)

20.0 (8.5–31.0)

0.609

Clinical presentation

Fever (n, %)

117, 65.4

25, 65.8

92, 65.2

0.950

Malaise (n, %)

7, 3.9

1, 2.6

6, 4.3

0.647

Bacteraemia (n, %)

126, 70.4

27, 71.1

99, 70.2

0.920

Heart failure, NYHA-FC ≥ 3 (n, %)

28, 15.6

6, 15.8

22, 15.6

0.978

Septic emboli-related complications (n, %)

69, 38.5

9, 23.7

60, 42.6

0.034

Cerebral infarction (n, %)

41, 22.9

7, 18.4

33, 24.1

0.459

ICH (n, %)

12, 6.7

0, 0

12, 8.5

0.063

Cerebral mycotic aneurysm (n, %)

8, 4.5

0, 0

8, 5.7

0.133

Othersa (n, %)

20, 11.2

2, 5.3

18, 12.8

0.193

Recurrent thromboembolism (n, %)

9, 5.0

1, 2.6

8, 5.7

0.446

  1. aSplenic infarction in 12; renal infarction in 4; spinal abscess in 2; liver abscess in 1; and lower limbs ischemia in 1.
  2. ESRD, end-stage renal disease; EuroSCORE, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; ICH, intracranial haemorrhage; ICU, intensive care unit; IV, intravenous; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA-FC, New York heart association-functional classification.
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