Table 3 Field efficacy of Harmonia sedecimnotata against Aphis gossypii population on eggplant during two seasons.

From: Harmonia sedecimnotata (F.): Predatory potential, biology, life table, molecular characterization, and field evaluation against Aphis gossypii Glover

Release rate per 100 m2

Pretreatment count (No. of aphid/leaf ± SE)$

I release# (average ± standard error)

II release# (average ± standard error)

No. of aphid/leaf $

% reduction over control@

No. of aphid/leaf $

% reduction over control@

Season 1

10

13.32 ± 1.18 (3.65)a

9.38 ± 0.61 (3.06)d

53.11 ± 3.86 (46.79)d

6.64 ± 0.59 (2.58)d

79.15 ± 1.57 (62.83)d

20

14.52 ± 0.90 (3.81)a

8.50 ± 0.49 (2.92)cd

58.23 ± 2.32 (49.73)cd

3.44 ± 0.19 (1.85)c

88.44 ± 0.97 (70.12)c

30

15.14 ± 0.52 (3.89)a

7.22 ± 0.16 (2.69)c

64.55 ± 1.66 (53.46)c

2.40 ± 0.22 (1.55)b

91.95 ± 1.02 (73.52)b

40

16.62 ± 0.78 (4.08)a

5.34 ± 0.37 (2.31)b

73.65 ± 1.90 (59.11)b

0.96 ± 0.04 (0.98)a

96.90 ± 0.12 (79.86)a

50

14.56 ± 0.40 (3.82)a

3.74 ± 0.28 (1.93)a

81.75 ± 1.62 (64.71)a

0.56 ± 0.05 (0.75)a

98.20 ± 0.24 (82.30)a

Control

13.38 ± 0.48 (3.66)a

21.14 ± 0.65 (4.60)e

—

34.10 ± 0.94 (5.84)e

—

df

5,20

5,20

4,16

5,20

4,16

F value

1.65

87.09

20.17

434.81

62.38

P value

0.194 ns

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

Season 2

10

20.92 ± 0.14 (4.57)bc

12.66 ± 0.58 (3.56)c

56.84 ±1.45 (48.93)c

9.16 ± 0.57 (3.03)e

77.77 ± 1.29 (61.87)e

20

22.54 ± 0.46 (4.75)d

11.78 ± 0.31 (3.43)c

59.26 ± 1.53 (50.33)c

5.50 ± 0.12 (2.35)d

85.88 ± 0.59 (67.93)d

30

18.52 ± 0.33 (4.30)a

11.24 ± 0.36 (3.35)c

61.05 ± 1.50 (51.38)c

2.90 ± 0.21 (1.70)c

92.45 ± 0.68 (74.05)c

40

21.56 ± 0.62 (4.64)cd

8.62 ± 0.44 (2.94)b

70.50 ± 1.36 (57.10)b

1.00 ± 0.12 (1.00)b

97.54 ± 0.26 (80.97)b

50

20.94 ± 0.29 (4.58)bc

5.50 ± 0.46 (2.35)a

80.42 ± 2.08 (63.74)a

0.54 ± 0.11 (0.73)a

98.63 ± 0.29 (83.29)a

Control

19.86 ± 0.45 (4.46)ab

30.40d ± 0.78 (5.51)d

—

42.04e ± 0.78 (6.48)f

—

df

5,20

5,20

4,16

5,20

4,16

F value

7.17

118.13

25.07

585.62

116.47

P value

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  1. ns–non-significant, #mean of five replications, $,@ figures in parentheses are square root and arc sine transformed values, respectively. In parentheses, the transformed values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.001 as determined by Tukey’s HSD test.
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