Figure 1

(A) Extent of a vast chaotic terrain (white outline) at the antipode of the Caloris basin (~5 × 105 km2). The context and locations of panels B and C, and Figs. S5 and S12A are indicated. (B) Zoom in showing variable magnitudes of collapse, which includes a relatively unmodified rim section that is smoothed but not broken into knobs (arrow 1). This area adjoins another part of the rim that has been almost entirely removed (arrow 2). The adjacent intercrater regions also exhibit deep and abrupt relief losses (arrows 3 & 4). (C) Zoom in showing a cluster of three impact craters with diameters ranging from ~ 25 km to ~75 km. Note that while the rims exhibit abrupt variations in their collapse magnitudes (arrow 1), the distribution of the knobby materials retains the craters’ circularity. All panels are parts of a MESSENGER Mercury global DEM (~665 m/px; credits to46,47,48): draped over MESSENGER Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) global base map (~166 m/px; credits to47,49,50).