Table 1 Multivariate logistic regression models predicting exposure to Sarcocystis neurona in live captured sea otters (1998–2013).

Variable	Level	OR	95% CI	P-value
Panel 1
Sex	Female	1.00	—	REF
	Male	2.94	(1.87–4.6)	<0.001
Age	Juvenile	1.00	—	REF
	Subadult	2.54	(0.42–15.44)	0.311
	Adult	13.96	(3.15–61.92)	<0.001
C1 (Developed/Row Crops)	1 unit increase	1.65	(1.35–2.01)	0.001
C4 (Wetlands)	1 unit increase	2.56	(2.04–3.22)	<0.001
				R² = 0.174
Panel 2
Sex	Female	1.00	—	REF
	Male	2.46	(1.52–3.99)	<0.001
Age	Juvenile	1.00	—	REF
	Subadult	2.17	(0.35–13.44)	0.406
	Adult	13.02	(2.93–57.83)	<0.001
C1 (Developed/Row Crops)	1 unit increase	1.48	(1.19–1.84)	<0.001
C4 (Wetlands)	1 unit increase	2.48	(1.73–3.55)	<0.001
Kelp Cover	1% increase	0.98	(0.96–1)	0.037
				R² = 0.134
Panel 3
Sex	Female	1.00	—	REF
	Male	7.54	(2.18–26.09)	0.001
C4 (Wetlands)	1 unit increase	13.94	(2.81–69.18)	0.001
Clam	10% increase	1.59	(1.13–2.23)	0.008
				R² = 0.168

Each panel denotes a logistic regression model based on different datasets. Panel 1: Includes all study animals (n = 711) from Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and California. Panel 2: Includes only animals captured in California where detailed habitat data were available (n = 535). Panel 3: Includes only animals captured in California where detailed habitat and individual diet data were available (n = 131). Kelp area refers to the weighted (by distance) individual exposure to kelp coverage within nearby (<100 km from capture location) potential sea otter habitat. C1 and C4 are respectively the 1^st and 4^th orthogonal components of an eigenvector decomposition analysis including all landuse/landcover variables and the three census-derived variables (population density, housing unit density and road density). C1 is strongly associated with high population density, developed area and row crops. C4 is strongly associated with wetland area (see Supplementary Analyses for further details). OR = Odds ratio. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval (wald). P-values were calculated by the wald method. R² values were calculated according to the method described by Jaeger et al. (2017).

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