Figure 1

(a) Scheme of hydrated protein film attached to the SiN membrane in a SALVI device during ToF-SIMS measurement. (b) A photo of SALVI device assembled on a ToF-SIMS stage. (c) ToF-SIMS profiles of an amino acid fragment (CH5N3+, m/z 59, red curve) and a water cluster ((H2O)3H+, m/z 55, green curve) from the adsorbed and hydrated BSA film during two measuring periods: using the Bi3+ primary ion beam with (I) long pulse width and (II) short pulse width.